Independent tourism and recreation in the city of Magdeburg Historical information about the city of Magdeburg...
Magdeburg is one of the oldest cities in Germany and the historical capital of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. Located on the Elbe River, Magdeburg has played an important role in the political, religious and economic life of Central Europe for over a thousand years. Its history is connected with the Holy Roman Emperors, the Reformation, the Thirty Years’ War and the industrial development of Germany.
Early settlements
People lived on the territory of modern Magdeburg in prehistoric times. Due to its location on the banks of the Elbe, the area was convenient for trade and agriculture.
The first written mention of the settlement refers to the VIII-IX centuries. Then there was a small trading point at the intersection of important river and land routes.
The foundation of the city and the era of Otto the Great
The real flourishing of Magdeburg began in the X century under the rule of Otto I the Great.
In 937 he founded the monastery of Saint Mauritius. Later, the city became one of the favorite residences of the emperor. Otto sought to make Magdeburg the religious and political center of his empire.
After the victory over the Hungarians at the Battle of Lech, Otto’s influence increased significantly, and Magdeburg gained special importance in the empire.
In 968, the Magdeburg Archbishopric was established here, which became the most important center for the spread of Christianity among the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe.
Medieval heyday
In the XI-XIII centuries Magdeburg became one of the largest cities in Germany.
The city developed thanks to:
trade on the Elbe;
handicraft production;
favorable geographical location;
support of emperors and archbishops.
During this period, the famous Magdeburg Cathedral was built - the first Gothic cathedral in Germany. It contains the tomb of Otto the Great.
Magdeburg law
One of the city’s most significant contributions to European history was the creation of the Magdeburg Law.
Magdeburg law was a system of urban self-government that became a model for hundreds of cities in Central and Eastern Europe.
Many cities lived by this right:
Germany;
Poland;
Czech Republic;
Lithuania;
Ukraine;
Belarus.
For several centuries Magdeburg was considered one of the main legal centers of Europe.
Reformation
In the sixteenth century Magdeburg became one of the centers of the Protestant Reformation.
The city actively supported the ideas of Martin Luther and was nicknamed the “Chancellery of the Lord God” due to its commitment to Protestantism.
Locals resisted attempts to bring the city back under the full control of the Catholic Church and the emperor.
Destruction during the Thirty Years War
The most tragic event in the history of the city was its destruction during the Thirty Years' War.
In May 1631, the Emperor's troops under Count Tilly stormed Magdeburg.
There was an event that went down in history as the “Magdeburg catastrophe”.
During the assault:
Most of the city was destroyed by fire.
Tens of thousands of people died;
Many historic buildings were destroyed.
Of the approximately 25-30 thousand inhabitants, only a few thousand people survived.
After these events, the term Magdeburgization even appeared in Europe, meaning the complete destruction of the city.
Prussian period
After the war, Magdeburg was gradually restored.
In the XVII century it became part of Prussia and became an important fortress on the eastern borders of the state.
Prussian authorities:
built new fortifications;
developed trade;
We have modernized the urban infrastructure.
The industrial age
The nineteenth century was a time of rapid economic growth.
The development of railways and shipping along the Elbe turned Magdeburg into one of the largest industrial centers in Germany.
There's been a lot of development here:
engineering;
chemical industry;
metallurgy;
river trade.
The population of the city grew rapidly, new quarters and enterprises were built.
First World War
During World War I, Magdeburg served as an important industrial and military center.
After the war, the economy experienced difficulties, but the city retained its importance for German industry.
World War II
During World War II, Magdeburg became an important industrial site of Nazi Germany.
As a result of massive Allied bombing, much of the city was destroyed.
Particularly hard hit:
historical centre;
residential areas;
industrial areas.
By the end of the war, many architectural monuments lay in ruins.
GDR period
After the war Magdeburg was in East Germany and became part of the German Democratic Republic.
During this period:
Plants were actively restored;
Residential areas were built;
Heavy industry developed.
Many old buildings were only partially restored, and part of the historic center was rebuilt in the socialist style.
After the reunification of Germany
After the unification of Germany, the city began a large-scale modernization.
They were:
restoration of historical monuments;
reconstruction of the centre;
development of universities and research centers;
Improvement of transport infrastructure.
Today Magdeburg is the administrative center of Saxony-Anhalt and one of the largest cities in East Germany.
Modern Magdeburg
Modern Magdeburg combines a rich historical heritage and modern technology.
The town is famous:
Magdeburg Cathedral;
the legacy of Otto the Great;
Magdeburg law;
Europe’s largest water bridge across the Elbe
Modern architecture, including the famous Green Citadel complex, created by Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
For more than a thousand years Magdeburg went from a small fortress on the Elbe to one of the most important cities in Germany, preserving the memory of its role in the history of Europe.
A city with more than a thousand years of history
Magdeburg is called the city of Emperor Otto the Great. It was from here in the tenth century that one of the most influential rulers of Europe ruled the vast Holy Roman Empire.
Today, history is felt at every step:
old squares;
medieval streets;
grand cathedrals;
monuments of the Reformation;
ancient fortresses.
The city is considered one of the most important historical centers of Germany.
Magnificent Magdeburg Cathedral
The main symbol of the city is the Magdeburg Cathedral.
It is Germany’s first Gothic cathedral and one of the country’s most impressive churches.
Features of the cathedral:
two towers over 100 meters high;
magnificent stained-glass windows;
ancient sculptures;
The tomb of Emperor Otto the Great.
Even after several centuries, the cathedral remains the main architectural dominant of the city.
An amazing combination of old and new
Magdeburg can surprise with contrasts.
Near the medieval buildings you can see one of the most unusual architectural projects in Europe - the Green Citadel.
This bright building with golden balls, unusual windows and green roofs was created by the famous architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
The complex looks like a scenery for a fairy tale film and has long become one of the hallmarks of the city.
The largest water bridge in Europe
One of the most unusual attractions is the Magdeburg Water Bridge.
It is the largest shipping aqueduct in Europe with a length of almost one kilometer.
The ships literally pass over the Elbe River.
There are few such engineering structures in the world, so the facility annually attracts thousands of tourists.
City of parks and promenades
Magdeburg is considered one of the greenest cities in Germany.
Here are located:
spacious city parks;
well-kept gardens;
bicycle paths;
Walking trails along the Elbe.
Especially popular is Elbowen Park - a huge recreation area with gardens, observation decks and modern entertainment.
A paradise for bike lovers
Due to the flat terrain and developed infrastructure, Magdeburg is considered one of the best cities in Germany for cycling.
The routes are:
along the Elbe;
through the historic centre;
in picturesque natural areas.
Science and Modern Germany
The city is an important university center.
Otto von Guericke University is one of the leading technical universities in Germany.
The student atmosphere makes the city lively and modern, and the numerous cafes, cultural spaces and festivals create a special energy.
River walks on the Elbe
During the warm season, it is popular:
boat trips;
tours of the Elbe;
cruising around;
waterfront rest.
The water offers beautiful views of the old city, the cathedral and modern quarters.
Convenient location
Magdeburg is about halfway between:
Berlin;
Hanover.
The city is easily accessible:
high-speed trains;
by car;
Intercity buses.
This makes it a great option for both a separate trip and a stopover while traveling in Germany.
Hotels 4 stars
Suitable for tourists who appreciate a high level of service, comfortable rooms and convenient location.
Popular options:
The Maritim Hotel Magdeburg is one of the city’s most famous hotels near the train station and historic center.
Dorint Herrenkrug Parkhotel Magdeburg - located in a green park area on the banks of the Elbe, offers a spa complex and spacious rooms.
Hotel Ratswaage is a comfortable city hotel in the center with a swimming pool and a restaurant.
Average cost:
120-220 euros per night.
Hotels 3 stars
The best option in terms of price and quality.
Popular options:
IntercityHotel Magdeburg is near the main station.
B&B Hotel Magdeburg is a modern budget hotel.
ibis Styles Magdeburg is close to the old town and the main attractions.
Average cost:
70-130 euros per night.
Budget hotels and guest houses
For travelers who spend most of their time on excursions.
Examples:
Hotel City Inn Magdeburg
Pension zum Engel
Small family boarding houses in the central areas of the city.
Cost:
from 45 to 80 euros per night.
Magdeburg cathedral
Magdeburg Cathedral is the main symbol of the city and the first Gothic cathedral in Germany.
What to see:
the tomb of Emperor Otto the Great;
medieval sculptures;
stained glass;
Views of the old town.
Transport accessibility:
located in the historical center;
15-20 minutes walk from the main station;
near the tram stop.
Green citadel
The green citadel is the last creation of the famous architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
Features:
unusual pink facades;
golden domes;
courtyards;
cafes and shops.
Transport accessibility:
It is located in the city centre;
10 minutes walk from the station;
It is easily accessible by any city tram.
Magdeburg Water Bridge
The Magdeburg Water Bridge is the largest navigable aqueduct in Europe with a length of about 918 meters.
Here you can:
to observe the movement of ships over the Elbe;
Walk along special pedestrian paths;
Take unusual photos.
Transport accessibility:
about 8-10 km from the center;
buses and commuter trains;
It is most convenient to travel by car or bicycle.
Elbaouen Park
Elbowen Park is the largest green area of the city.
On the territory are:
walkways;
gardens;
playgrounds;
exhibition spaces.
Transport accessibility:
about 10 minutes by tram from the center;
Developed bicycle infrastructure.
Millennium Tower
The Millennium Tower is located in Elbaouen Park and is considered one of the largest wooden structures of this type in the world.
Expositions are devoted to:
history of science;
technique;
the most important discoveries of mankind.
Transport accessibility:
is located in Elbowen Park;
It is convenient to visit with the park.
The Monastery of Our Lady
The monastery of Our Lady is one of the oldest monastic complexes in Germany.
Today there is a museum of modern art.
Transport accessibility:
historical centre;
A few minutes walk from the cathedral.
Old Town Hall and Market Square
The old town hall of Magdeburg and the central square of the city are the heart of the historic center.
Here are:
old buildings;
monuments;
restaurants and cafes;
seasonal fairs.
Transport accessibility:
city centre;
It's easy to walk.
Elbe Embankment
One of the favorite places of rest of the city residents.
Here you can:
Walk along the river;
riding a bicycle;
Take a river tour.
Transport accessibility:
It is located near the historical center;
It is accessible on foot from almost all central areas.
Magdeburg Zoo
Magdeburg Zoo is one of the largest zoos in East Germany.
In the collection:
more than 1000 animals;
tropical pavilions;
Children's contact areas.
Transport accessibility:
About 20 minutes by tram from the city center.
Spring (March-May)
Spring fairs and city holidays
With the arrival of heat, seasonal fairs open in the city center, open-air concerts and festive events take place on the Market Square.
Festival of Parks and Gardens
Park Elbowen hosts flower exhibitions, garden festivals and family events.
Easter fairs
In April, before Easter, traditional German fairs are organized with souvenirs, sweets and festive decorations.
Summer (June-August)
Elbefest Festival (Elbefest)
One of the largest city events.
Guests are waiting:
concerts;
gastronomic sites;
river walks;
fireworks;
sports competitions.
Magdeburg summer
A series of cultural events including:
street concerts;
Theatrical performances;
performances of musicians;
art exhibitions.
Open Air concerts
In summer, the city regularly hosts concerts of classical, jazz, rock and pop music in outdoor venues.
Holidays on the Elbe Embankment
During the tourist season, food festivals, craft fairs and music evenings are held.
Autumn (September-November)
Wine festivals
In autumn, young wine festivals and gastronomic festivals are held in Magdeburg and neighboring regions.
Day of German Unity
October 3 is a national holiday throughout Germany. Concerts, exhibitions and festive events are held in the city.
Autumn fairs
The central squares have seasonal markets with local products and handicrafts.
Winter (December – February)
Magdeburg Christmas Market
The main winter event of the city.
You can see at the fair:
festive illumination;
traditional German treats;
Christmas souvenirs;
Carousels;
concerts and performances of artists.
The fair annually attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors.
New Year holidays
In the city center there are concerts, festive festivities and fireworks.
Winter cultural programmes
Museums, theaters and concert halls offer special Christmas and New Year events.
Spring (March-May)
Spring comes gradually. Already in April, the parks and embankments of the Elbe begin to bloom.
Average air temperature:
March: +4... +10 °C;
April: +8... +16 °C;
May: +13...+21 °C.
Water temperature in the Elbe:
from +6 °C in March to +15 °C in May.
Spring is great for walking around the historic center, visiting parks and cycling routes.
Summer (June-August)
Summer is warm, sunny and the most favorable for tourism.
Average air temperature:
+20... +27 °C;
On some days it can reach +30 ° C and higher.
Water temperature in the Elbe:
+18... +23°C.
In summer, the main city festivals, concerts and holidays on the embankment are held.
Autumn (September-November)
Autumn in Magdeburg is usually warm and long.
Average air temperature:
September: +15... +22 °C;
October: +9... +15 °C;
November: +3...+8 °C.
Water temperature:
from +18 °C in September to +8 °C in November
This is a good time for excursions, when there are fewer tourists, and the city parks are painted in bright autumn colors.
Winter (December – February)
Winters are relatively mild compared to Eastern European countries.
Average air temperature:
day: 0 ... + 5 °C;
at night: -3... +1°C.
Water temperature in the Elbe:
about +2... +5°C.
It doesn’t snow every winter and usually doesn’t last long.
In winter, the city attracts with Christmas markets and festive atmosphere.
Language of communication
Official language:
German.
In hotels, restaurants, museums and tourist centers, many employees speak English.
Russian is rare, so it is useful to know a few basic phrases in German or English.
The most common greetings are:
Guten Tag - Good afternoon.
Guten Morgen - Good morning
Guten Abend - Good evening.
Danke - Thank you.
Bitte - Please;
Entschuldigung - Excuse me.
Features of communication
Residents of Magdeburg usually:
polite and friendly;
value punctuality;
respect personal space;
They prefer calm communication without excessive emotionality.
When entering a store, cafe or hotel, it is customary to say hello. Even a simple "Guten Tag" makes a good impression.
Traditions and customs
Punctuality
In Germany, it is customary to arrive on time.
Being late for a tour, meeting or booking at a restaurant is considered disrespectful.
Respect for silence
The Germans are attentive to the tranquility of their neighbors.
In residential areas, it is not recommended:
Listen to music loudly;
make noise late at night;
Make noise at night.
Especially strictly observed hours of silence on Sunday and holidays.
Care for the environment
Waste sorting is actively practiced in Magdeburg.
You can see individual containers for:
glass;
papers;
plastics;
household garbage.
Locals take environmental issues seriously.
Tipping
In restaurants and cafes, it is customary to leave a tip in the amount of 5-10% of the bill if you like the service.
Laws and regulations
Documents
A passport or other identity document is recommended to carry while walking and traveling.
Alcohol
Alcohol is allowed in Germany, however:
It is forbidden to disturb public order;
Aggressive behavior while intoxicated can lead to fines.
Smoking
Smoking is prohibited:
in public transport;
in many public buildings;
In most closed areas of restaurants and cafes.
Special areas are provided for smokers.
Traffic rules
Pedestrians should:
cross the street only at the permitting signal of the traffic light;
follow the bike paths.
Even tourists can be fined for crossing a red light.
Photography.
Photography of city streets and attractions is free.
However, it is recommended that:
Ask permission before shooting people close-up;
Observe the rules of museums and exhibitions where shooting may be restricted.
Greetings and courtesy
Guten Morgen Good morning
Guten Tag (guten tag) Good afternoon
Guten Abend Good evening
Hello, Hallo.
Auf Wiedersehen (auf vidrzeen) Goodbye.
Tschüss. Bye.
Danke, thank you.
Vielen Dank (filene dunk) Thank you very much.
Bitte, please.
Entschuldigung (entschuldigung) Sorry
Useful phrases for communication
Sprechen Sie Englisch? Do you speak English?
Ich spreche kein Deutsch. I don't speak German.
Können Sie mir helfen? Can you help me?
Ich verstehe nicht. I don't understand.
Bitte sprechen Sie langsamer. Please speak more slowly.
At the hotel.
Ich habe eine Reservierung. I have a reservation.
Auf welchen Namen? What name?
Wo ist mein Zimmer? Where's my number?
Gibt es WLAN? Is there Wi-Fi?
Wann ist das Frühstück? What time is breakfast?
Kann ich später auschecken? Can I leave late?
At the restaurant.
Die Speisekarte, bitte.
Ich möchte bestellen. I'd like to order.
Was empfehlen Sie? (Your empfehlen zie?) What do you recommend?
Ein Wasser, bitte. Water, please.
Ein Bier, bitte. Beer, please.
Die Rechnung, bitte. Check, please.
In the store.
Wie viel kostet das? How much does it cost?
Kann ich mit Karte bezahlen? Can I pay with a card?
Haben Sie das günstiger? Is it cheaper?
Ich nehme das. I'll take it.
Station and transport
Wo ist der Bahnhof? Where's the station?
Wo ist die Straßenbahnhaltestelle? Where's the tram stop?
Wann fährt der Zug? When does the train leave?
Ein Ticket nach Berlin, bitte. One ticket to Berlin, please.
Ist dieser Platz frei? Is this seat free?
In an emergency.
Hilfe! Help me!
Rufen Sie die Polizei! Call the police!
Ich brauche einen Arzt. (their brauche ainen artzt) I need a doctor.
Wo ist das Krankenhaus? Where is the hospital?
Ich habe meinen Pass verloren. I lost my passport.
Magdeburg is located in the historical region of Central Germany, which is famous for its gastronomic traditions, quality products and German approach to the production of goods. From the trip here you can bring both traditional souvenirs and useful purchases for yourself and loved ones.
Gastronomy souvenirs
Magdeburg and Saxon sausages
Germany is known for its meat delicacies. In Magdeburg you can purchase:
smoked sausages;
hunting sausages;
cheese-dried meat products;
traditional German sausages.
Many products are sold in vacuum packaging and are suitable for transportation.
German beer
The region offers a wide selection of German beer:
light lager;
wheat beer;
craft varieties;
seasonal varieties of local breweries.
Gastronomy lovers should pay attention to the products of small regional breweries.
German sweets
Popular shopping:
chocolate;
marzipan;
gingerbread;
cookies;
Christmas sweets in winter.
Handmade chocolate sets are especially popular.
German mustard
Mustard is considered one of the most popular gastronomic souvenirs in Germany.
You can find:
classic sharp;
sweet Bavarian;
mustard with herbs;
mustard and honey.
Cheese and delicacies
Specialty stores sell:
farm cheeses;
smoked cheeses;
meat pate;
local sauces and condiments.
Health and useful products
Herbal teas
German grass collections enjoy a good reputation all over the world.
Popular:
chamomile
mint
Melissa?
sage
Soothing and gastric charges.
Pharmacy cosmetics
Germany is known for quality cosmetics.
Tourists often buy:
face creams;
products for sensitive skin;
therapeutic shampoos;
Balms and ointments.
Vitamins and minerals
In German pharmacies you can buy:
vitamin D;
magnesium
omega-3;
multivitamin complexes;
joint support drugs.
The products have strict quality control.
Souvenirs and gifts
Souvenirs with Magdeburg Cathedral
The most popular are:
magnets;
postcards;
cups;
wall plates;
Keychains.
The main image is usually the Magdeburg Cathedral.
Souvenirs with the Green Citadel
The green citadel has become one of the symbols of the city.
Tourists often purchase:
postcards;
posters;
miniature models of the building.
Handicrafts
At the fairs you can find:
pottery
wooden products;
jewelry;
handmade interior items.
Beer mugs
Traditional German souvenir:
glass mugs;
ceramic mugs;
Collection models with the symbolism of the city.
Safety of rest in Magdeburg
Magdeburg is considered a safe and comfortable city for tourists. The crime rate here is low, and most travelers face only the usual precautions typical of any major European city.
General security
During rest it is recommended:
monitor personal belongings in public transport and at railway stations;
Do not leave bags and documents unattended;
use official taxis and public transport;
Keep large amounts of money and documents in the hotel safe;
Have copies of your passport and insurance.
The historic center, tourist areas and the Elbe promenade are safe both day and evening.
What documents do tourists need?
Traveling to Germany usually requires:
foreign passport;
Schengen visa (if required for citizens of your country);
confirmation of accommodation reservation;
return ticket;
health insurance.
When traveling, it is advisable to always carry a passport or a copy of it.
Health insurance
To obtain a Schengen visa, health insurance is mandatory.
Recommended coverage:
at least EUR 30,000;
emergency medical care;
hospitalization;
Transportation to the home country if necessary.
Even with visa-free travel, insurance is highly recommended as medical services are expensive in Germany.
Emergency services phones
Uniform numbers throughout Germany:
112 – ambulance and fire service;
110, police.
Calls are free from all mobile and landline phones.
Mobile and Internet
The main mobile operators in Germany:
Telekom Deutschland
Vodafone Germany
O2 Germany
1&1 Mobilfun k
In Magdeburg, 4G and 5G networks work well.
Free Wi-Fi is available:
in most hotels;
cafés and restaurants;
at the station;
in some public places in the city.
How many tourists can stay in Germany without leaving
Germany is part of the Schengen area.
For most tourists, there is a rule:
no more than 90 days during any 180 days on a Schengen visa or visa-free regime.
This rule applies to all Schengen countries, not just Germany.
A longer stay will require:
national visa;
temporary residence permit;
residence permit.
Create a query and local guides will offer you the best options
