Independent tourism and recreation in Oranienburg Historical information about the city of Oranienburg Oranien...
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Oranienburg is a city in the federal state of Brandenburg, located about 35 kilometers north of Berlin. During its centuries-old history, it has gone from a small Slavic settlement to the residence of electors, an industrial center and a modern city. Oranienburg was especially famous for the Oranienburg Palace and the tragic events of World War II.
Early history (before the thirteenth century)
The first settlements on the territory of modern Oranienburg appeared in the VIII-IX centuries. West Slavic tribes lived here, engaged in agriculture, fishing and trade. Due to its location on the Hasel River, the area was convenient for the development of settlements and trade.
In the XII-XIII centuries, the territory became part of the Brandenburg Margravy. German settlers gradually settled the region, and the small settlement began to develop as a trading and craft center.
Foundation of the city
The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1216, when it was called Bötzow. In the following centuries, the city developed around the fortress and trade routes connecting Berlin with the northern regions of Germany.
In the XVI century Betsov was already considered an important administrative center of the region. There were craft workshops, mills and markets, and the population gradually increased.
The appearance of Oranienburg (XVII century)
The most important stage in the history of the city was the XVII century. In 1650, the Elector of Brandenburg Friedrich Wilhelm gave the estate to his wife Louise Henrietta of Orange, a representative of the Dutch dynasty of Orange.
On her initiative, a luxurious Baroque palace was built here, surrounded by gardens and parks. In honor of its owner, the city received a new name - Oranienburg (Oranienburg), which means "Fortress of Orange".
Louise Henrietta brought Dutch farming, construction and horticulture practices to the region. Thanks to this, the city began to develop rapidly, and new quarters, workshops and farms appeared around the palace.
XVIII-XIX centuries: industrial development
In the XVIII century Oranienburg gradually turned into one of the economic centers of the region. Here evolved:
textile production;
brick factories;
metallurgical enterprises;
manufacture of ceramics and glass.
After the construction of the railway in the XIX century, the city received a convenient connection with Berlin. This contributed to the growth of industry, population growth and trade.
During the same period, the Oranienburg Palace was repeatedly rebuilt and used for various state needs.
XX century and World War II
The history of Oranienburg is closely connected with the tragic events of the XX century.
In 1933, shortly after the National Socialists came to power, one of the first concentration camps was established here. Later, the Sachsenhausen concentration camp appeared nearby, which became one of the largest camps in Germany.
During the Second World War, military enterprises were located in the city, so Oranienburg was repeatedly bombed by Allied aviation. Much of the city’s infrastructure was destroyed.
After the end of the war, the territory of Sachsenhausen camp was used for some time by the Soviet military administration as a special camp.
Post-war period
After 1945, Oranienburg became part of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The restoration of the destroyed city began, residential neighborhoods, schools, enterprises and infrastructure were built.
During this period, industry developed, but many historical buildings were restored only partially.
After the unification of Germany in 1990, a large-scale reconstruction of the historical center began. Oranienburg Palace, parks, central squares and old buildings were restored.
Modern Oranienburg
Today Oranienburg is a modern city with a population of about 50 thousand people. It combines rich historical heritage, cultural sites and developed infrastructure.
The town is famous:
Oranienburg Palace is one of the oldest Baroque palaces in Brandenburg.
memorial complex of the former Sachsenhausen concentration camp;
picturesque parks and gardens;
museums dedicated to the history of the region;
convenient location near Berlin.
Thanks to the railway connection to the center of Berlin can be reached in about 30-40 minutes, so many tourists combine a visit to the capital with a trip to Oranienburg.
1. Oranienburg Palace (Schloss Oranienburg)
The main attraction of the city is a magnificent baroque palace of the XVII century, surrounded by a beautiful park. Inside there is a museum, historical expositions and exhibitions telling about the life of the Prussian nobility and the history of the region.
2. The Sachsenhausen Memorial Complex (Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen)
Oranienburg is famous for the memorial complex created on the territory of the former Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Today it is one of the largest memory museums in Germany dedicated to the events of the Second World War. The expositions help to better understand the history of the country and preserve the memory of the victims of Nazism.
3. Parks and nature
The city is surrounded by green areas, forests and lakes. It is nice to walk, ride a bicycle, have picnics and relax in nature. Especially beautiful are the palace park and the embankments of the Hasel River.
4. Historic centre
In the city center there are preserved old buildings, cozy squares, cafes and small shops. During the walk you can see the architecture of different eras and feel the atmosphere of a small German city.
5. Museums and cultural sites
In addition to the palace museum, Oranienburg has historical exhibitions, art exhibitions and cultural centers. During the year concerts, fairs and city holidays are held here.
1. Budgetary options
This is a good choice for tourists who want to save money and spend most of their time on excursions.
Examples:
Hotel Cleopatra II is a small inexpensive hotel with simple rooms and all the necessary amenities.
Pension Hotel-Anny is a cozy guest house with a homely atmosphere, suitable for a budget holiday.
Oranjehus is a guest house (Bed & Breakfast) with comfortable rooms and breakfast.
2. Mid-range hotels (3–4★)
The most popular option among tourists. Such hotels offer comfortable rooms, good service and convenient location.
Examples:
Stadthotel Oranienburg is a modern 4-star hotel in the city center, close to the station and the main attractions.
Strandhotel Germendorf is a cozy hotel near the lake, ideal for a relaxing outdoor stay.
Gianni Hotel is a comfortable hotel with a restaurant and free parking.
3. Comfortable and country hotels
Such options are suitable for those who want to spend a vacation in a quiet environment outside the bustle of the city.
Examples:
Landhotel Classic HOCHZEITSHAUS is a hotel in a historic building with a restaurant and a calm atmosphere.
CARAVANSEREI Oberhavel is an unusual complex with the possibility of accommodation on the territory of camping and recreation in nature.
4. Apartments and guesthouses
For a long stay, many tourists choose apartments or guest houses.
Advantages:
More space;
own kitchen;
the ability to cook independently;
the cost of long-term living.
This option is especially convenient for families with children and travelers who plan to spend a few weeks in the city.
1. Oranienburg Palace (Schloss Oranienburg)
The main attraction of the city is the baroque palace of the XVII century, built for Louise Henrietta of Orange. Today there is a museum, which presents historical interiors, works of art and expositions dedicated to the history of Brandenburg. Around the palace there is a beautiful park with alleys, fountains and places for walking.
How to get there:
about 10-15 minutes walk from the railway station;
City buses stop near the palace.
There is parking for cars near the complex.
2. The Sachsenhausen Memorial Complex (Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen)
One of the largest memorial complexes in Germany, created on the territory of the former concentration camp. Here you can visit a museum, memorials, historical buildings and exhibitions dedicated to the events of the Second World War.
How to get there:
about 20-25 minutes walk from the city center;
by bus - 5-10 minutes;
By bicycle, about 10 minutes.
3. Palace Park (Schlosspark Oranienburg)
The spacious park around the palace is one of the most beautiful places in the city. Here you can walk along the shady alleys, relax by the fountains, have a picnic or take beautiful photos.
How to get there:
located near the palace;
Easy to walk from the city center;
There are bus stops nearby.
4. Historic city centre
The central part of Oranienburg attracts cozy squares, old buildings, shops, restaurants and cafes. It is nice to walk around, get acquainted with the local architecture and feel the atmosphere of a small German city.
How to get there:
located near the railway station;
Most of the streets are pedestrian;
It is easily accessible by bus and bicycle.
5. Havel River
The Havel River runs through the city and is a popular holiday destination. Here you can walk along the embankment, ride a boat or bicycle, as well as relax in the green areas.
How to get there:
a few minutes walk from the center;
bicycle routes are equipped;
There are bus stops nearby.
6. Lake Lehnitzsee
The picturesque lake is located near the city and is popular with nature lovers. In summer you can swim, relax on the beach, go fishing and water sports.
How to get there:
about 10 minutes by car;
15-20 minutes by bicycle;
You can take the bus.
7. Tourist Park TURM Erlebnis City
Modern sports and entertainment complex with swimming pools, water slides, saunas, fitness center and recreation areas. Suitable for families with children and rest in any weather.
How to get there:
about 5 minutes by car;
10-15 minutes by bus;
About 20 minutes walk from the center.
Pentecostal Medieval Festival (Pfingst-Spectaculum)
The most famous event of Oranienburg, which takes place in the palace park during the Pentecost holiday. Guests are waiting for knightly tournaments, historical camp, craft workshops, a medieval market, fire shows, performances of musicians and large-scale concerts of folk and medieval rock. This is one of the largest festivals of this format in the Brandenburg region.
Oranienburg City Day (Stadtfest Oranienburg)
The main city holiday takes place on the Palace Square and the embankment of the Havel River. The program includes concerts of popular performers and local groups, sports competitions, family entertainment, gastronomic venues, a fair and festive fireworks. This is one of the biggest events of the year.
Summer concerts at the palace (Schlosskonzerte) (June-August)
On the territory of the Oranienburg Palace, concerts of classical music, jazz, chamber evenings and performances of modern performers are regularly held. Many events are organized under the open sky.
Park- und Gartenveranstaltungen (May-September)
The palace park hosts flower exhibitions, garden art festivals, plant fairs, master classes and family events. This is a great opportunity to get acquainted with historical gardens and landscape design.
Days of Open Monuments (Tag des offenen Denkmals)
During this all-German event, historical buildings, museums and architectural monuments are opened to visitors, many of which are usually inaccessible for free visit.
Autumn Fairs (Herbstmarkt) (September – October)
The city center hosts seasonal fairs with farm products, local craftsmen, handicrafts and traditional German cuisine.
Weihnachtsgans-Auguste-Markt Christmas Market (December)
The festive fair takes place in front of the Oranienburg Palace. There are Christmas houses with souvenirs, handicrafts, hot mulled wine, traditional pastries and regional dishes. For children, meetings with Santa Claus are organized, and guests are accompanied by concerts and festive illuminations.
Christmas Concerts (Weihnachtskonzerte) (December)
Churches, concert halls and the palace host festive concerts with classical music, Christmas chorals and modern compositions.
Exhibitions and cultural events at Sonderausstellungen im Schloss Oranienburg (year-round)
The palace regularly hosts temporary art and historical exhibitions, lectures, excursions and thematic programs for adults and children.
Memorial events in Sachsenhausen (during the year)
On the territory of the Sachsenhausen memorial complex, commemorative ceremonies, international conferences, thematic exhibitions and educational events dedicated to preserving the memory of the events of the Second World War are held.
Spring (March-May)
Spring is coming gradually. In March it is still cool, but in April nature begins to actively bloom, and in May warm weather is established.
Air temperature: from +5 ... +10 ° C in March to +16 ... +22 ° C in May.
Water temperature (lakes and the river Hasel): from +5...+8 °C in March to +14...+17 °C in May.
Spring is considered a great time for walking around the palace park, visiting museums and excursions.
Summer (June-August)
Summers are warm, but usually without extreme heat. Due to the proximity of lakes and green areas, even on hot days, it is quite comfortable here.
Air temperature: +22 ... +28 ° C, sometimes rises to +30 ... +33 ° C.
Water temperature: +19 ... +23 °C.
In summer, the main city festivals and concerts are held. This is the best time to relax by the lakes, walks in the palace park, bicycle trips and excursions.
Autumn (September-November)
The autumn in Oranienburg is soft and picturesque. In September, the weather is still warm, and by November it becomes noticeably cooler.
Air temperature: from +18 ... + 22 ° C in September to +4 ... + 8 ° C in November.
Water temperature: from +18 °C in September to +6 ... +8 °C in November.
In autumn, fairs, cultural events and festivals are held in the city. Parks and forests are painted in bright autumn colors, creating beautiful landscapes.
Winter (December – February)
Winter is usually mild and humid. Severe frosts are rare, and snow, if it falls, usually does not last long.
Air temperature: from -2 ... + 5 ° C.
Water temperature: about +2 ... +4 °C.
In winter, a Christmas market opens in Oranienburg, festive concerts and events are held. This is a good time to visit museums, palaces and cozy cafes.
Language of communication
The official language is German (Deutsch). It is communicated in government institutions, shops, cafes, public transport and hotels.
In hotels, museums, restaurants and tourist destinations, many employees speak English, especially young people. However, in small shops, markets and government offices, only German is more commonly used.
Russian is rare, so tourists are advised to know a few simple German phrases or use an interpreter.
Traditions and norms of behaviour
Punctuality
People in Germany appreciate accuracy. Being a few minutes late is considered disrespectful. If you have signed up for a tour, meeting or booked a table at a restaurant, it is advisable to arrive on time.
Polite communication
When addressing strangers, it is customary to use the polite form “Sie” (“You”). In shops, hotels and restaurants, it is customary to say hello at the entrance and goodbye when leaving.
Respect for personal space
Germans value personal space and don’t like too close contact with strangers. It is not accepted to talk loudly in public transport, interrupt the interlocutor or impose communication.
Cleanliness
Oranienburg is a very clean city. Garbage should only be disposed of in special containers. In many places, separate containers have been installed to sort plastic, paper, glass and household waste.
Silence.
In residential areas, it is customary to observe silence, especially:
late at night;
at night;
Sundays and holidays.
It is not recommended to loudly turn on music or make noise near residential buildings.
Basic laws and regulations
Public transport
Before the trip, you must purchase a ticket and keep it until the end of the route. Controllers regularly conduct inspections, and a large fine is provided for ticketless travel.
Traffic rules
Pedestrians are advised to cross the street only at a green traffic light. Bicycle lanes are exclusively for cyclists, so you should not walk on them.
Smoking
Smoking is prohibited:
in public transport;
at railway stations in closed premises;
in most public institutions;
Restaurants and cafes (except specially equipped areas).
Alcohol
Alcohol can be purchased by persons older than the legal age. It is forbidden to violate public order, be in a state of strong intoxication in public places and interfere with others.
Photography
Photography of the palace, streets, parks and natural sites is allowed. When visiting museums and the Sachsenhausen memorial complex, it is necessary to follow the rules of a particular object - in some rooms, photo and video shooting may be limited.
1. Greetings and polite expressions
Hallo (Hallo) - Hello Guten Tag (Guten Tag) - Good afternoon
Guten Morgen - Good morning
Guten Abend - Good evening
Auf Wiedersehen - Goodbye
Tschüss (chus) - for now
Bitte (bitte) - please / nothing
Danke - thank you.
Danke schön (Danke schön) — thank you very much.
Entschuldigung (Entschuldigung) - sorry
Kein Problem – No problem
2. Communication and assistance
Sprechen Sie Englisch? - Do you speak English?
Ich spreche kein Deutsch. (their crucifixion) - I don't speak German. Ich spreche ein bisschen Deutsch. (Their Spreche Ain Bischen Deutsch) - I speak a little German.
Ich verstehe nicht. (their fists) - I don't understand.
Können Sie mir helfen? - Can you help me?
Wo ist...? (in English...?) - Where is...?
Wie viel kostet das? - How much does it cost?
3. At the hotel.
Ich habe ein Zimmer reserviert. (their hub ain zimmer reserve.) - I have a reservation.
Ich möchte ein Zimmer buchen. (their ain zimmer buchen.) - I want to book a room.
Wie viel kostet das Zimmer pro Nacht? - How much does a room cost per night?
Ist Frühstück inklusive? - Breakfast included?
Wo ist der Aufzug? - Where's the elevator?
Wann ist der Check-out? - What time is it?
4. Restaurant and café
Ich möchte bestellen. (their fur bestellen.) - I want to order.
Die Speisekarte, bitte. (Spiecarde bitte) - Menu, please.
Was empfehlen Sie? - What do you recommend?
Ich nehme das. (they don't know) - I'll take it.
Ein Wasser, bitte. (ain vasser bitte) - Water, please.
Ein Kaffee, bitte. (ain kafe bitte) - Coffee, please.
Die Rechnung, bitte. (di rehnung bitte) - Check, please.
Kann ich mit Karte bezahlen? - Can I pay with a card?
5. Transport and road
Wo ist der Bahnhof? - Where's the train station?
Wo ist die Bushaltestelle? - Where's the bus stop?
Eine Fahrkarte, bitte. (Aine Farkarte Bitte) - One ticket, please.
Wann fährt der Zug nach Berlin? When does the train leave for Berlin?
Von welchem Gleis? - What platform?
Wie komme ich zum Schloss Oranienburg? How do I get to Oranienburg Palace?
Wo ist die Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen? Where is the Sachsenhausen Memorial Complex?
6. Shopping.
Ich möchte das kaufen. (their fur das kaufen) - I want to buy this.
Haben Sie das in einer anderen Größe? - Is there another size?
Das ist zu teuer. (Plaintiff zu Toyer.) - It's too expensive.
Gibt es Rabatt? - Any discount?
Kann ich bar bezahlen? - Can I pay in cash?
7. Emergency situations
Hilfe! (Hilfe!) - Help me!
Rufen Sie die Polizei! - Call the police!
Ich brauche einen Arzt. (their brauche ainen art.) - I need a doctor.
Wo ist das Krankenhaus? - Where's the hospital?
Ich habe meinen Pass verloren. (their hub Mainen pass ferloren.) - I lost my passport.
Food and drink
1. Asparagus from Brandenburg (Brandenburger Spargel)
Brandenburg is considered one of the main regions of Germany for the cultivation of white asparagus. In spring, fresh asparagus can be bought in shops and farmers' markets, as well as canned products and various sauces for it.
2. German sausages and meat delicacies
Traditional German sausages are sold in meat shops:
Bratwurst (fried sausages);
Bockwurst (boiled sausages);
Landjäger (cheese-smoked sausages);
Different types of ham and smoked.
In vacuum packaging, they are well suited for transportation.
3. German cheeses
In supermarkets there is a large selection of locally produced cheeses:
Gouda;
Bergkäse;
Emmentaler;
Tilsiter.
4. German chocolate and sweets
Popular sweets that tourists often bring:
Ritter Sport;
Haribo?
Niederegger Marzipan;
Milka?
German cookies and Christmas carrots (Lebkuchen).
5. German beer and drinks
Germany is famous for its beer. In Oranienburg stores you can buy products of famous German breweries, as well as regional brands of Brandenburg.
Also popular:
apple juice;
mineral water;
herbal lemonades;
locally produced soft drinks.
Medicines and pharmacy products
German pharmacies are known for high quality products.
Popular shopping:
natural herbal teas;
vitamins Doppelherz;
Weleda cosmetics;
Eucerin cosmetics;
creams and ointments with arnica;
remedies for colds and coughs;
therapeutic balms for muscles and joints.
Such products are considered high-quality and are in demand among tourists.
Cosmetics
In dm and Rossmann stores you can buy:
Balea?
Isana;
Alverde;
Kneipp;
Sebamed.
These brands are known for good quality and affordable price.
Souvenirs
1. Souvenirs with Oranienburg Palace
The most popular:
magnets;
postcards;
cups;
calendars;
decorative plates;
Keychains with the image of the palace.
2. Products by local craftsmen
During the fairs you can purchase:
pottery
wood products;
handmade jewelry;
decorative candles;
Textiles.
3. Souvenirs with Brandenburg symbols
The following are popular:
products depicting the Brandenburg eagle;
books on the history of the region;
maps and guidebooks;
decorative products with local symbols.
4. Christmas decorations
If the trip is in December, you should pay attention to:
glass Christmas toys;
wooden figures;
Christmas pyramids;
candlesticks;
handmade holiday decorations.
Travel documents
To enter Germany, tourists usually need:
foreign passport;
Schengen visa (if there is no right of visa-free entry);
health insurance;
confirmation of booking of a hotel or other accommodation;
return ticket or confirmation of further route;
A sufficient amount of money to stay in the country (if necessary, you can check at the border).
It is also recommended to have electronic and paper copies of all important documents.
Health insurance
To travel to Germany, medical insurance is mandatory.
The insurance policy must:
operate in the territory of all Schengen countries;
cover the costs of emergency medical care;
include hospitalization and transportation;
have insurance coverage of at least 30,000 euros.
Because medical services are expensive in Germany, insurance will avoid significant costs in the event of illness or accident.
Emergency services phones
There are common emergency numbers throughout Germany:
112 – ambulance and fire service;
110, police.
Calls are free and available even without a SIM card.
Mobile operators
In Oranienburg, all major mobile networks in Germany are confident:
Deutsche Telekom
Vodafone Germany
O2 (Telefónica Germany)
The city has good mobile and internet coverage. Tourists can purchase prepaid SIM cards in communication salons, supermarkets and some electronics stores. Free Wi-Fi is also available in many hotels, cafes and public places.
Personal security
During travel, it is recommended to observe the usual precautions:
Do not leave unattended documents, money and valuables;
closely monitor things at the station and on public transport;
use only official taxi services;
comply with traffic rules;
respectfully behave in the Sachsenhausen memorial complex and other historical sites;
Keep quiet in residential areas in the evening and at night.
Term of stay of tourists
The duration of stay depends on the nationality of the traveler.
Citizens of the Schengen Area and the European Union
They are free to enter and stay in Germany in accordance with EU rules.
Tourists from countries with a visa-free regime or on a Schengen visa
They can stay in Germany for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. This rule applies to most tourist trips.
For a longer stay, it is necessary to issue an appropriate residence permit or a long-term national visa.
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