Independent tourism and recreation in the city of Calcutta A Brief History of the City of Calcutta Kolkata, wh...
Oh. Kolkata
Independent tourism and recreation in the city of Calcutta
A Brief History of the City of Calcutta
Kolkata, whose current name is Kolkata, is one of the largest cities in India and the capital of West Bengal. The city has an ancient history dating back over 300 years and is an important cultural, economic and educational center of the country.
Britain gained control of the territory on which Kolkata is located after the conquest of Bengal in the middle of the XVIII century. In 1690, British merchant John Kompany founded a settlement on the banks of the Hoogly River and named it Calikatta after the Indian goddess Kali. The settlement soon became a base for the trade operations of the British East India Company.
Calcutta became the capital of British India in 1772 and remained so until 1911, when the capital was moved to Delhi. During this period, the city underwent significant changes in architecture, education and culture. Majestic buildings, wide boulevards and parks reflecting the influence of British style were built.
In the 20s of the XX century, Calcutta became the main center of the nationalist movement against British colonial rule. In 1947, India gained independence and Kolkata became part of a free country.
However, after the partition of India in 1947, Calcutta found itself at the center of a crisis involving the mass migration of Muslims and Hindus. This period was marked by violence and disaster. In the 1950s and 60s, the city experienced an economic downturn, but in the decades that followed it witnessed a rise in industrialization and development.
Today Kolkata is a cultural hub with a rich heritage, including many museums, art galleries and literary festivals. The city is also known for its cooking, traditional festivals and picturesque areas, making it one of the most attractive destinations in India.
What is interesting about the city of Calcutta
Kolkata, or modern Kolkata, is an exciting and multifaceted city that can attract tourists of various interests. Here are a few aspects that make Kolkata an attractive travel destination:
1. Cultural heritage:
Museums and galleries: The city has many museums such as the Indian Museum, the Bakshi Art Gallery and the Rabindranath Tagore House Museum in Shantiniketan, providing a unique look at the rich history and culture of the region.
Theatres and festivals: Kolkata is famous for its theatrical art. Local theatres and festivals such as Durga Puja and Kolkata Literary Festival provide an opportunity to immerse yourself in local culture and traditions.
2. Historical monuments:
Victoria Memorial: This historical monument majestically decorated and is an architectural masterpiece, created in honor of Queen Victoria, attracts tourists with its beauty.
Daksineshwari Temple: One of the most famous temples dedicated to the goddess Kali offers a unique spiritual experience.
3. Literary Capital:
Kolkata Literary Festival: The city is famous for its literary heritage. Travelers can take part in literary festivals and visit bookstores to immerse themselves in the richness of the intellectual atmosphere.
4. Culinary joys:
Bengal cuisine: Kolkata is a gourmet paradise. Bengal cuisine with its fish dishes, sweets and curry, is sure to please your taste buds.
5. Scenic areas and rivers:
Botanical Garden: One of the oldest botanical gardens in South Asia, providing an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of nature.
Hoogly River Walk: A romantic Hoogly River cruise offers a unique view of the city from the water.
6. Local markets and shopping:
New Market: A traditional marketplace where you can buy everything from antiques to hand-painting, providing a unique shopping experience.
The hospitality of the locals, cultural diversity and rich heritage make Kolkata an unforgettable place for tourists ready to plunge into the amazing world of the East.
Levels of residence in the city of Calcutta
In Calcutta, as in many other cities, there are different levels of hotels, corresponding to different budgets and preferences. Here are a few hotel levels and examples of popular representatives in each category:
1. 5-star hotels:
The Oberoi Grand Kolkata: This luxury hotel offers the highest level of comfort and service. Located in the city centre, it provides luxury rooms, world-class restaurants and unique services.
ITC Royal Bengal: A modern and luxurious hotel with an exquisite atmosphere, a wide range of restaurants and extensive opportunities for business travelers.
2. 4-star hotels:
Swissôtel Kolkata: This hotel offers a combination of stylish rooms, restaurants and leisure facilities such as a swimming pool and spa.
The Peerless Inn Kolkata: Located in the historic part of the city, the hotel offers comfortable rooms and excellent amenities.
3. 3-star hotels:
The Lindsay: This hotel provides more affordable accommodation options without compromising the level of service. Located in the city center, it provides convenience and an acceptable level of comfort.
Hotel Niharika: 3-star hotel with a pleasant atmosphere and convenient location, making it attractive for budget tourists.
4. Economy options:
OYO Rooms: OYO provides a variety of affordable housing options throughout the city, including rooms in guesthouses and smaller hotels.
Hostels and Guesthouses: Calcutta also offers a variety of hostels and guesthouses providing budget options for young travelers.
5. Traditional houses (Homestays):
Sushama's Homestay: This is an example of the traditional Homestay, where tourists can live in a local’s home and immerse themselves in the local culture.
Vedic Village Spa Resort: This resort provides a unique living experience, combining comfort and traditional style.
The choice depends on the traveler’s preferences and budget. Calcutta has a variety of options, from luxury hotels to more economical and authentic accommodations.
Where to go and what to see in Calcutta
Kolkata is a city with a rich history and cultural heritage, full of interesting sights. Here are a few, as well as information about accessibility:
1. Victoria Memorial:
This historic monument was built in honor of Queen Victoria. It is located in the city center and is easily accessible both by car and by public transport.
2. Daksineshwari Temple:
This temple dedicated to the goddess Kali is located in the north of the city. Available by train, bus and taxi.
3. Botanical Garden:
One of the oldest botanical gardens in South Asia. Located north of the city center and easily accessible by public transport.
4. Indian Museum (Indian Museum):
This museum is located in the heart of the city. Easy to reach by public transport, taxi or car.
5. New market:
This traditional market is located in the center of Kolkata and is one of the most popular places for shopping. Available on various modes of transport.
6. Shantiniketan:
Located outside the city, in Bolpur. This is a unique place founded by Rabindranath Tagore. Easily available by train or bus.
7. Marble Palace:
It is a cultural place and restaurant in the old palace. Located in the city center, easily accessible by various modes of transport.
Transport accessibility:
Car:
Calcutta has a developed road system, and the car is a convenient way to move around the city. However, heavy traffic should be taken into account.
Metro:
The Kolkata Metro is the oldest metro system in India. It connects different parts of the city and is an efficient means of transportation.
Bus:
An extensive bus network covers most of the city and suburbs. This is a budget and popular option.
Taxis and rickshaws:
Taxis and rickshaws (bicycle taxis) are easily accessible and easy to move within the city.
Trains:
Calcutta has a well-developed railway infrastructure. Trains connect the city with other parts of India.
Airport:
Netaj Subhas Chandra Boz Airport serves Kolkata and provides international and domestic flights.
The city has diverse and convenient transportation options, making it easily accessible to tourists looking to explore its cultural and historical heritage.
Cultural life and activities in Kolkata
Calcutta is the site of many cultural and religious events throughout the year. Here are some of the most popular events, celebrations and festivals held in Calcutta:
1. Durga puja:
It is one of the most important and popular Hindu festivals in Kolkata. It is celebrated in September-October and is accompanied by parades, music, traditional dances and cultural events.
2. Kali puja:
This festival, dedicated to the goddess Kali, is celebrated in November. During this time, the city comes to life with light decorations, traditional songs and dances.
3. Kolkata Literary Festival:
An annual event that gathers literary heroes, writers and literature lovers. Passes in January.
4. Rose Parade in Shantiniketan:
Shantiniketan, located near Calcutta, hosts the famous Rose Parade on Feb. It is a festival of flowers and dances inspired by the works of Rabindranath Tagore.
5. Bengali New Year (Poyla Baisah):
It's in April. The city comes to life with street festivities, traditional songs and dances, and is a time of joy and fun.
6. Holly:
As in other parts of India, Holi in Kolkata is celebrated with fun colored battles in spring, usually in March.
7. National Festival of Dance and Music (Charodio Utsav):
This event dedicated to traditional art is held in October-November.
8. Jagannath Ratha-yatra:
This festival, dedicated to the god Jagannath, takes place in July. During the festival, a parade of large wooden chariots is held.
9. Musical concerts:
Calcutta is also a venue for musical concerts of various genres, from classics and rock to popular music.
10. Colcatta Carnival:
It's celebrated in late October. At this time, the streets of the city are filled with bright costumes, dances and songs.
Travelers interested in cultural events and festivals can choose the time of their visit according to the schedule of these vibrant and exciting events in Calcutta.
What weather is suitable for a trip to the city of Calcutta
Kolkata, located in western India, has a tropical monsoon climate. Here’s how the climate changes at different times of the year:
1. Summer (March-June):
Air temperature: Average 25°C to 40°C. In April and May, the temperature can rise to 40 ° C and above.
Water temperature: The water in the Hugley River and other reservoirs warms up, but remains relatively warm.
Summer in Calcutta is very hot and humid. Travelers who prefer the warm season can visit the city in early spring to avoid the extreme heat.
2. Monsoon (July-September):
Air temperature: 25°C to 35°C.
Water temperature: The water is getting cooler.
The monsoon period is accompanied by intense rains, especially in July and August. This can create mobility problems, but also brings life-giving rains and a green scattering of nature.
3. Postmusson (October to February):
Air temperature: 15°C to 30°C. In winter, the temperature can drop to 10 ° C.
Water temperature: It is relatively warm at the beginning of the period, but gradually cools down.
The post-monsoon period is considered the best time to visit Calcutta. From October to February, the air is cooler and the atmosphere is dry. This is the perfect time to explore and participate in various festivals.
The best time to travel to Calcutta in terms of climate and events is the post-monsoon period (October-February), when the temperatures are pleasant and the city comes to life with various cultural and religious events.
What traditions and customs should be observed in the city of Calcutta
Language of communication:
In Kolkata, as in most Indian cities, the official language is Bengali. However, English is widely used in the business and tourism sectors, and many people in the city can communicate in English. It is important to remember that locals can speak different dialects of Bengali, so the national language, Hindi, can also be useful.
Traditions and customs:
Respect for elders: Traditionally, Indian society places great emphasis on respect for elders. Worshipping or simply showing respect to older people is considered important.
Observance of religious customs: India is known for its diversity of religions. Respect for religious customs, visiting temples and participating in religious ceremonies are an important part of Indian culture.
Clothes: Be more conservative in your clothing choices, especially when visiting places of cultural and religious significance. Both traditional and western styles of clothing are generally accepted in central parts of the city, but some religious places may require more closed clothing.
Respect for food: If you are offered food, it is customary to refuse several times before agreeing. After eating, there is usually respect for the owners.
Laws and regulations:
Visa and registration: Make sure you have an appropriate visa to visit India and follow the registration rules if applicable.
Smoking ban in public places: India has a ban on smoking in public places, including restaurants, bars and public transport.
Respect for local laws: Follow local laws and regulations. In India, there are restrictions on the sale of alcohol on certain days.
Vigilance in public places: As in any other city, be vigilant about your belongings in public places to avoid theft.
Photos: Before taking photos, check if it is allowed in this place. Photography may be prohibited at religious sites and some cultural sites.
Compliance with these traditions, customs and laws will help you enjoy your trip to Calcutta and leave a positive impression of the culture and hospitality of this amazing city.
Popular language phrases and dialogues for traveling to Calcutta
Getting to know the main local phrases and words can make your interaction with locals in Kolkata much easier. Here are some useful words in Bengali:
These phrases can come in handy in a variety of situations during your trip to Kolkata, helping you communicate with locals and making your experience more enjoyable.
What to try and what souvenirs and gifts to bring from the city of Calcutta
In Calcutta you will find many unique products, dishes, medicines and souvenirs that have become an integral part of the culture and traditions of this region. Here are a few options to bring from a trip to Calcutta:
Food:
Misty-doy:
This sweet yogurt is a traditional Bengal dessert. It has a unique taste and can be an ideal souvenir for lovers of sweets.
Rashogulla:
Another famous Bengali sweet. These are cottage cheese balls immersed in syrup. Rashogulla will be a great gift.
Calcutta Biryani:
This type of biryani is considered especially tasty because of the use of potatoes and eggs along with meat. Excellent option for connoisseurs of Indian cuisine.
Medications:
Brother's oil:
This is an herbal oil made from various medicinal plants. It is popular as a means for massage and treatment of joint pain.
Sennafood:
Senna is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. You can find senna preparations in the form of teas and powders.
Souvenirs:
Textiles and textiles:
Bengal sari and jamdani are outstanding works of art. They can be great souvenirs for those who appreciate luxurious fabrics.
Terracotta products:
Handmade terracotta products such as figurines and utensils reflect the skill of local artists. They can be unique and authentic souvenirs.
Caligari's paintings:
Caligari art is a traditional type of painting depicting the goddess Kali and other mythological subjects. Paintings by local artists will become interesting decorations.
Teas and spices:
Darjeeling tea:
Calcutta is famous for its tea, and tea from Darjeeling, a nearby region, is a great gift. You can buy quality black or green tea.
Bengal spices:
Spices such as mustard oil, panchforon (a mixture of five spices), and masala will be a great addition to your culinary collection.
Note:
When purchasing goods, make sure that you comply with local and international laws regarding the import and export of goods. Some products, especially herbal medicines, may be subject to restrictions.
What to Have for a Safe Holiday in Calcutta
Safety of rest in Kolkata:
Documents:
When traveling to Calcutta, you must carry a passport with the appropriate visa. It is also recommended to have copies of important documents (passports, visas, insurance) in case of loss or theft.
Insurance:
Health insurance is an important part of preparing for a trip to India. Make sure your insurance covers medical expenses and evacuations if necessary.
Emergency services:
In case of an emergency, you can call the following numbers:
Police: 100
Ambulance: 102
Fire service: 101
Tourist Police: +91 98300 88347
Mobile operators:
There are various mobile operators in India. Before traveling, check which ones provide the best coverage in the area where you plan to be.
Street safety:
Transport:
Use only official vehicles and beware of unlicensed taxis. In the taxi, make sure the driver uses the meter.
Personal items:
Be vigilant about your belongings, especially in touristic places and on public transport. Carry a bag with strong zippers and watch your valuables.
Night walks:
Avoid solo walks in night streets, especially in light areas. It is important to exercise caution, both in large cities and in smaller areas.
Stay in the country:
Visa extension:
Tourists can usually stay in India without leaving the country for up to 180 days. If you need to renew your visa, contact the nearest foreign affairs office.
Registration
If your stay exceeds 180 days, you will need to register at the nearest foreign affairs office.
Banking operations:
It is best to use banking services for currency exchange and safe storage of funds. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash.
Compliance with general safety measures and attention to local rules and traditions will help you enjoy your trip to Kolkata. Discover local customs, be vigilant and enjoy the culture of this unique city.
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