Ardat

Ardatov is a city (since 1780, Ardatovsky district of Simbirsk province) in Russia, the administrative center of the Ardatovsky district of Mordovia. Population of 8,777 (2017). National composition (2002): Russian - 66.23%, Mordovian - 32.12%.

The city is located on the banks of the Alatyr River (tributary of the Sura River), 114 km from Saransk, 10 km from the Ardatov railway station on the Red Uzel - Kanash railway.

Ardatovsky district is located on the north-eastern outskirts of the Republic of Mordovia. Its northern and eastern neighbors are the Sechenovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Poretsky and Alatyrsky districts of the Chuvash Republic; in the south and south-west it borders the Atyashevsky, Ichalkovsky and Bolsheignatovsky districts of Mordovia.

Compared to the Ardatovsk district, which existed before 1928, the territory of the Ardatovsk district in the modern borders is small: the length from west to east is 40 km, from north to south - 50 km. The distance from the district center - Ardatov - to the capital of the republic is 115 km.

From west to east, the area is crossed by the Alatyr River. It is non-navigable, width up to 150 meters (in the area of the dam near the village of Turgenevo), depth - 12 meters. He has a broad understanding. In addition to Alatyr, there are also small rivers Me and Small Sark - tributaries of Sura, as well as small rivers, lakes (in the floodplain of Alatyr), many springs famous for healing water.

On the left bank of Alatyr from east to west, forests stretch in a green belt. Once they were dense, almost impassable, with a rich fauna, but in recent decades, the Ardat forests have become thinner due to unreasonable human economic activity. Ardatov forestry is engaged in reforestation work: they plant spruce, pine, other species of trees, even the Siberian cedar, larch. Minerals area is poor, mainly sand, brick clay, chalk, mineral paints (ochre).

The main type of economic activity is agriculture. The total area of agricultural land of the district is 78,984 hectares, including 60,629 hectares of arable land. On the fields of 26 agricultural cooperatives (former collective farms and state farms), 179 farm peasant farms grow wheat, rye, barley, sugar beet.

Another “strategic” branch of the Ardatians is livestock, milk and meat production.

Not the best times are experiencing the industrial and construction industries of the Ardatov district. Until the early 90-ies in Ardatov worked raypromkombinat, "Remstroyzhilbyt", UPP VOS, remtechenterprise, bakery. Today, their production life is barely warmed, although individual groups are trying to survive. Drawing a miserable existence of construction organizations - RSU "Mordovezhdanstroy", MSO. To build, you need materials, and they don’t, because there is no money. However, in 1998, a new nine-year school in the village of Zhabino, a section of a five-storey residential building in Microdistrict-2, Ardatov, was commissioned in the district.

Throughout the year, the main republican highway Saransk - B. Ignatovo, passing through the city of Ardatov, domestic roads, is maintained in good condition. This, first of all, is the merit of the team of the Ardatov DRSU, as well as DSPMC, PMK "Ardatovskaya" JSC "Mordovagrovod". Despite difficulties with financing, the region has been actively gasifying settlements for the past five years. Almost gasified residential sector of Ardatov, mainly - pos. Turgenevo, village Kuchenyaevo, Nizovka and others.

In April 1999, celebrated the 50th anniversary of its formation Ardatov Lighting Plant, located in the working village of Turgenevo. One of the firstborns of the electrotechnical industry of Mordovia, the plant had strong and broad ties with all regions of the Soviet Union and with foreign countries. With the collapse of the USSR, these ties were lost, the company became feverish, the reason for this was the loss of almost half of the workforce. The search for sales markets, the launch of a new technological line in 1999 inspire hope for the revival of the enterprise, which gives Russia modern light sources.

Social sphere of Ardatov district: 42 general education schools (including 36 - in rural areas), children's home-school, boarding school for visually impaired children; 10 preschool institutions; two schools - medical and professional (PU-8 named after A. Pozharsky - one of the oldest in the republic, since 1917); 2 inpatient medical institutions, 40 paramedic and obstetric centers. There is an Ardatov Psychoneurological Boarding House (in Redkodubye village). These social facilities serve a fairly large population of the area. Its number as of January 1, 1999 is 34.4 thousand people, including 18.7 thousand - rural, 15.7 thousand - urban (Ardatov and Turgenevo).

The deterioration of socio-economic conditions has a negative impact on the demographic situation: the birth rate is falling every year, the mortality rate is growing: in 1998, 205 people were born, 513 died. One of the main reasons for the deterioration of life is unemployment in urban and rural areas.

Area attractions

Trinity Church in the village of Andreevka, an architectural monument. The building was built in 1751. The church in the years of Soviet power was the only one operating on the territory of the district; the Kazan-Klyuchev desert is a revived male monastery near the river p. Turgenevo, becoming a place of pilgrimage for Orthodox Christians from all over Russia.

Restored: St. Nicholas Church in Ardatov, the Church of Kosma and Damian in the village of Kechushevo, Kazan - in the village of Kuchenyaevo. In total, 16 parishes were opened in the district by the middle of 1999.

Monuments: soldiers-countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War; fighters for Soviet power; V. I. Lenin; the first Hero of the Soviet Union I. A. Pozharsky (there is a museum in the local vocational school); in the city cemetery - the grave of pilots who died during the Great Patriotic War. In the village of Baevo - House-Museum of the world-famous sculptor S.D. Erzi (Nefedov).

In the historical center of Ardatov, buildings built in the 18-19 centuries have been preserved: the building of the former county treasury, which today houses a local history museum, a branch of agro-industrial bank, a two-storey building along the street. Leninskaya - here the editorial office of the district newspaper and the printing house; the monumental building of the former ukom and executive committee (1918-1928), where the district administration is now.

In Ardatov, you can see up to a dozen plaques dedicated to various historical events or people who have become famous. So, in the village at the railway station Ardatov on the old building of the station hangs a memorial plaque, telling that in May 1919, the train “October Revolution” stopped here and was headed by its Chairman VTsIK M.I. Kalinin.

The people of the area should be mentioned. This is the pride and glory of the Ardatians. In the city of Ardatov, a famous doctor of law was born, the author of a multi-volume work “History of the Royal Prison” M.N. Gernet. In the Ardatov hospital worked V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky (later took the rank of priest Luke), Professor V.S. Levit.

Ardatovsky district is a small homeland of many cultural and art workers. What are the names of the famous sculptor Ia Arepina, Mordovian writers Ivan Antonov and Timofey Raptanov, the Soviet commissar, the first Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Pozharsky, full knight of the Order of Glory Ivan Poteshkin. One of the streets of Ardatov is named after the fighter for Soviet power Ivan Duchkov.

In the postwar years, grain growers became famous - Heroes of Socialist Labor Maria Dolgova, Olga Stenyakhina, Nikolai Tremasov, Ivan Kitaikin, Ivan Suyushov.

Many of the Ardatovites were awarded the Russian or republican title “Honored ...”. These are teachers M.Y. Tyutin, A.I. Sitnikova, N.B. Belyakov and others. Thirteen people have the title of “Honorary Citizen of the City of Ardatov”. Among them: I.F. Sitnikov, P.F. Domnina, P.I. Bochkaev, V.P. Dubinkin. This title was awarded to I.I. Varakina, who worked for many years as head of the Ardatov library and met in 1927 with N.K. Krupskaya, the famous surgeon V.P. Kolushev, a war veteran, holder of many awards M.M. Maskayev (now deceased). In 1999, the title “Honorary Citizen of the Ardatovsky District” was established for the first time. It was awarded by Honored Teacher, War Veteran K.Y. Shimorin. The city of Ardatov became the inspiration for many original artists, poets, artists. In the republic, the Ardatov People’s Theater (in July 1999, celebrated its 40th anniversary, for many years it was headed by Honored Worker of Culture V.B. Lazerson), folk ensembles Erzyan Avat (Chukaly village) and Tsekovne (Nizovka village), which revived the traditions and customs of the Mordovian people.

For 40 years there was a republican school of culture in Ardatov, which was headed by honored teacher M.V. Pososhnov (died in 1996). With the transfer of the school to Saransk, Ardatov lost a lot in cultural development.

The pride of the Ardatovites is the district library named after N. K. Krupskaya. It has been in existence since 1896 and is now a methodical center for all libraries of the district.

In Ardatov there is an art school and an art school. Many graduates, after continuing their studies, became professional musicians, teach at the same school.

In art school, children learn to draw and sculpt. Exhibitions are organized from the works of young artists and sculptors.

In Ardatov there is a children's youth sports school. In September 1999, it celebrated its 50th anniversary. Half a century ago, the sports school huddled in a adapted room, now it is a modern sports complex - DYUSH was built by the method of folk construction in the mid-80s. Today it has several branches in the villages of the district, such sports as wrestling, basketball, football, volleyball, armwrestling are cultivated. Pupils of DYUSSH please with sports achievements. Pos. The October Walking Center is open, and there are already successes of walkers at the Russian level.

In the summer of 1999, the First Small Olympic Games of the Republic of Mordovia were held in Saransk, where the team of the Ardatov district took 1st place among the rural areas of the republic.

In 1975, a local history museum was opened in Ardatov (a branch of the IRCM). One of the main organizers and active local historians was and remains V.P. Dubinkin (he organized museums in the police department, district hospital and other organizations). Currently, there are more than 10 thousand exhibits in the expositions and fund storage of the museum. This is the richest material on the history of the city and the district. In this article we will give only some historical information.

From the history of Ardatov and Ardatov district

For the first time the village of Ardatovo under the name of the "village of Ardatova" is mentioned in 1624-41 in the "Book of letters and measures of scribes..." The materials indicate that the village is Mordovian, its inhabitants were mainly engaged in agriculture and carried out guard duty on the sseve line. In 1669-71, the population of Ardatov and the surrounding area took part in the peasant war under the leadership of Stepan Razin. In these places there was a multi-thousand detachment of Murzakaika (one of the ascetics of Razin). The uprising was suppressed, serfdom and forced Christianization began to intensify. By order of the king in der. Ardatova built a church, and according to the church the village was called Novo-Troitskoe (1688).

According to the information of 1721, Novo-Troitsky was again called Ardatov. There were already 460 people in it. In 1779, the village of the palace department of Ardatovo from the Kazan province was transferred to Simbirsk, and a year later, on September 15, 1780, when the Simbirsk governorship was formed, Ardatovo was transferred to the category of county cities. His coat of arms depicted "two hoops in a silver field, as a sign of the great abundance of hay."

In 1804, Alexander I approved the “General Plan of the city of Ardatov”, according to which the city was to be built further. As the city of Ardatov developed slowly. The population in fact remained peasant and engaged in agriculture, trade, small crafts. In 1800 there were 25 merchant shops and 5 mills. Although Ardatov was a remote, stately town, his people did not remain indifferent to the events that we now call historical.

The people of Emelyan Pugachev “stirred up” whose way from Kazan (after its unsuccessful siege) lay through Alatyr and Ardatov. In the detachment of Pugachev joined many rebels from the village of Ardatov. But the uprising was brutally suppressed.

In 1812-14, the Ardatians heroically defended the Motherland from the invasion of Napoleon. In battles with the French distinguished commander of the Ardatovsky district A.Y. Durasov, brothers Beketov, brothers Bestuzhev, P.Y. Akhmatov and others.

In the late XIX - early XX century, the revolutionary movement noticeably revived among the masses. On the eve of the first Russian revolution in Ardatov, as well as in other cities and villages, there were protests against the tsar, the urban poor and peasants of the uyezd participated in them. During the December armed uprising in Ardatov, an uprising broke out among the recruits. They demanded a reduction in the service life, the abolition of military courts, etc. The rebellion was put down.

Revolutionary fermentation among the people again begins during the First World War and reaches its climax in 1917. Hearing the news about the overthrow of the tsar, about the Provisional Government, on March 1, the Ardatians disarmed the police and expelled a serviceman from the city. On March 8, up to 5,000 people gathered at the Bazaar Square - the Executive Committee was elected. And on March 22, the non-resident department of the Petrograd Soviet registered the Ardatov Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies; on June 15 of the same year, this Soviet merged with the Soviet of Peasants' Deputies. On September 1, the first district congress of workers’ and peasants’ deputies was held.

On November 19, in Ardatov, the Bolsheviks established the power of the Soviets. But in a few weeks they had to suppress the counter-revolutionary revolts. The Ardat Communists and their sympathizers played an enormous role in their elimination.

The years of civil war and collectivization were difficult for the city and the county, but it was during the years of Soviet power that the city acquired its face, became younger, began to grow and develop.

Significant historical events are associated with many villages of Ardatov district. In Silin, for example, one of the first was created party.

Ardatov was glorified by the first Komsomol members. The initiators of the youth movement in the city were gymnasium students: Vladimir Kirillov, Sergey Postnikov, Peter Tupitsyn, Boris Rosseykin, Ivan Karasev. In January 1918, the district Komsomol organization was created.

The creation of collective farms, the Great Patriotic War, the first post-war five-year plans are heroic pages in the history of our great Motherland and our small homeland, the land of Ardatov. Together with Russia, with Mordovia, the people of our old town, the whole district had to go through a lot, but no matter how difficult it was yesterday and today, people live in the hope that there will be a holiday on their street.