Bavly

Bavly (Tat. Bauli, Bawlı) - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Bavlinsky district of Tatarstan.

Geographically, the Bauls are located in the southern part of the Ural Mountains. The city is located within the Bugulma-Belebeyevskaya hill on the Bavlinka River (tributary of the Ik River), 25 km south of the Yutaza railway station (on the Ulyanovsk-Ufa line).

Population

Population 22,258 thousand people (2017).

National composition: Tatars, Mordva, Russians, Udmurts, Chuvash.

Religion

Islam is considered the most widespread religion in the city.

History

The first settlement on the river Bavle appeared in 1626. Over time, the village expanded, several estates appeared, which were soon united by one name of Bavly, after the river, which, according to legend, was called Elga balls - honey river.

The main occupations of the peoples who have long inhabited the Bavlinsky region were agriculture, livestock, trade.

Until 1917, the only industrial enterprise was the distillery of the landlord Zhdanov, there were 7 forges, 3 shops, 19 mills and cereals, 1 sheep establishment.

The population was more than two thousand people, and at the beginning of the last century the settlement received the status of volost. The Bavlinsky district as an administrative entity of the Tatar Autonomous Republic appeared on August 10, 1930.

Historically, the area was inhabited by different nationalities. Together they were destined to survive the difficult times of collectivization and the Great Patriotic War, to build a peaceful life in the postwar period, to share the joys and troubles of their native country, to raise children and find happiness.

Eight thousand Bavlinians defended their native land on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, many of them gave their lives for the freedom of their homeland, four became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

A new stage of development of the area is associated with the discovery of the Devonian oil field in Bavly in September 1946. By the time the first oil workers appeared in the area, there were no roads, water supply, not all facilities were electrified.

The development of the oil industry contributed to the active growth of agriculture in the region. In order to provide oil workers with everything necessary, roads were laid, new industrial and agro-industrial enterprises were put into operation, and a new infrastructure of the district was formed. The village was replenished with youth and professional personnel, grew, new houses, schools, kindergartens, sports and cultural institutions were built.

Etymology

On September 18, 1997, by the resolution of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan, Bavlam was granted the status of a city of republican significance. In fact, the question of where the word "Bawly" comes from, and what its true meaning is, has long been the cause of controversy among local researchers.

According to the legend told by Bavlin Akhmetzyanov M. I., a geological expedition conducted a survey of the shores of Bavala from the mouth to the source. Baula flows into the river Ik, and originates at the foot of Mount Bakyrtau. The name of the river Bavla is ancient, perhaps, comes from the time when the Volga was called Ra. Tradition says that the members of the expedition and called the river "balls Elga", that is, the honey river.

This is what the historical archives say. Nikolai Petrovich Rychkov (son of the famous P. I. Rychkov), being part of the expedition of P. S. Pallas - academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, independently studied the Kazan province and Bashkiria.

Villages, cities, population, his customs and occupation, sights, rivers and reservoirs were the subject of descriptions made in the book "Journal or daily records of Captain Rychkov's journey through various provinces of the Russian state in 1769 and 1770". Here is a detailed description of the use of the rivers Zai, Ik, Sheshma for the transportation of goods. The route of the expedition in June 1769 passed along the banks of Ica from the mouth to the place where the city of October is now located, then along the river Bavla and further towards the village of Spaskoye. The state of the river Bavla, forests and meadows along its banks on June 25, 1769 and prompted to call it "balls Elga" -

Rychkov drew attention to the occupation of Bashkir beekeeping. The levers understood bees. The article Rychkov P. I. (father) “On the content of bees”, published in 1769, became the first scientific article in the domestic beekeeping. Beekeeping is a Rychkov family tradition. And in this regard, another curious fact.

Maybe not everyone knows that the great Russian chemist, Academician Butlerov invested in the study of bees no less strength and soul than in chemistry. Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov entered Russian history as the father of rational beekeeping. The Rychkovs and Butlerovs were bound by kinship through the Aksakovs.

It is known that the estates of the Aksakovs and Butlerovs were located on the banks of the Bavla River. This certainly contributed to their fascination with beekeeping and reinforced the river's nickname "balla elga". [1] There are other versions. One of them is next. In 1755, along the banks of the river Balla (Sweet) was allocated land allotment Mansur Delny, where he founded his farm estate Mansurovo. Mansour was a serviceman. This was the name given to those who served the king. It is known that in 1750 he was an interpreter at the Chancellery of the Orenburg province. The head of the Orenburg province was P. I. Rychkov, an outstanding scientist, a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, who petitioned for the allocation of land allotment to his “business” employee. Mansur Business received the right to use the land on the basis of a contract approved in the Nagaibak fortress.

According to the census of 1764 in the village of Mansurovo on the river Bavle already numbered: service - 26, Yasash - 3 people. Only 29 souls. The village first entered the Orenburg, then the Samara province.

From the Bashkir side along the banks of the river the Derbysh family yurtoval. Derbysh was a major landowner. To develop new lands on the river Bavle, he sent his son Karman. Since then, the village has been divided into two parts: Bashkir and Mishar.

In the Mishar part, the farm was conducted by the countryman Mansur, since Mansur himself did not live in the village, and the management of his estate was entrusted to Faizulla Babai, a Misharin from the Simbirsk district. Babai hired local residents to run the farm.

The local population of the Tatars, the Bashkirs were not under serfdom, but for debts fell into bondage to Faizulla and received the nickname "bauli" (from the Tatar Baul - rope) - bonded, tied with a rope-debt, wearing a clamp around his neck. It was forbidden for the inhabitants of two opposite parts to graze cattle in each other's territories, to mow hay.

Between the people of the Bashkir and Mishar sides there were constant clashes, they gave each other nicknames. In the family of Galim Hasanshin, such a tradition has been preserved. The peasant on the Mishar side ran a gobble. While looking for him in the forest, I met a peasant from the Bashkir side. He asked if he had seen a bull with a rope around his neck. For this, the Mishars received the nickname "bauls" - ropemen. Thus, the village began to be called Mansurovo-Bauly, as it is mentioned in the materials of the census of 1764 "On the non-Russian population of the Ufa province, who took part in the uprising." [2]

With the development of the village on the river Bavle, several estates appear. The semantic meaning of Mansurovo is lost, and the village began to be called by one word that unites all the estates, after the name of the Bavla River. [3] There is also an opinion that the word "Bavla" is Tatarized from the Russian "Bav", which has the following meaning - "prosperity, abundance, wealth."

The origin of the word goes back to the period preceding our civilization, IV-II centuries BC, when the Aryan tribes used the language of Sanskrit, which is the ancestral language of the tribes of the white race inhabiting the territory of Eurasia. The river Bavlu called "sweet river" scientist-geographer N. P. Rychkov son of the famous scientist of our region P. I. Rychkov, in the Tatar pronunciation of Elga points.