Berezniki

Berezniki have the status of an urban district. The area of the city is 387 km² The population is 169.9 thousand people (2005). The city is located on the left bank of the Kama River. The distance to Perm by rail is 278 km, by water - 208 km. In 1981, the city was connected by a bridge with the city of Usolier. The first settlements in the city appeared in the XVI-XVII centuries on the basis of salt fisheries. For the first time in 1579, the village of Zyryanka was mentioned, in 1670 a settlement appeared, and later the mountain town of Dedyukhin. In the XVII century near the salt vats formed a number of settlements - Lenva, Berezniki, Veretje, Churtan and others. The most important milestone in the history of the future city of Berezniki was the emergence in August 1883 in the Perm province on the left bank of the Kama, opposite the Usolya of the first Russian soda factory of the Perm merchant I. I. Lyubimov. Bereznikovsky soda plant laid the foundation for modern Berezniki. The appearance of the area changes, on the left bank of the Kama, opposite Usolya by order of I. I. Lyubimov, the architectural and technical bureau of A. B. Turchevich designs a factory village with residential houses, a school, a hotel and a theater. In a short time by the beginning of the XX century. residential village Soda factory was built. Boris Pasternak, who came to Berezniki on official business, in a letter to S. P. Bobrov of June 24, 1916, calls the plant "Lyubimov, Solvay and K" and the village with it "small industrial Belgium". Bereznikovsky soda plant of JSC “Lyubimov, Solvay and K.” After its nationalization by the Decree of the Supreme Economic Council of 28.09.1918, it was transformed in 1923 into the Bereznikovsky exemplary soda plant (combine) named after V. I. Lenin. Directly in the city are Bereznikovsky and Durymansky areas of the field with balance reserves of potash salts 2.4 billion tons. On March 20, 1932, a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR was held, where the creation of a new city (protocol - 10) was documented. They listened to the draft resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee “On the unification of the city of Usolya with workers’ settlements: Veretia, Dedyukhin, Lenva, Ust-Zyryanka and Churtan of the Bereznikovsky district of the Ural region into one city of Berezniki with the expansion of its urban features”. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR decided: 1. Usolye and workers' settlements: Veretia, Dedyukhin, Lenvoy, Ust-Zyryanka and Churtan Bereznikovsky district of the Ural region to unite in one city. The United City shall give the name Berezniki. 2. The urban line of the united city of Berezniki include the adjacent settlements with their manor and land lands: the village of Berezniki, Usolskaya Perm railway station and the pier of the same name on the Kama river, the village of Zyryanka, the village of Kamen (Sergiev), the village of Basevo and the newly emerged settlement on the territory of the agricultural Usolsky combine. 3. With regard to assigning the name Berezniki to the united city, submit for approval to the Presidium of the CEC of the USSR and, on approval, publish. This decision was due to the fact that the above settlements were in close proximity to each other, the workers of these settlements were mainly employed at the Khimkombinat and at the 2nd Potassium mine. From the merger of these settlements into a single city, the importance of the city council has grown immeasurably, and urban management has improved. In the 1st Five-Year Plan, Berezniki became a major center of the chemical industry. On the territory of the city, a giant of the chemical industry of the USSR - Bereznikovsky Chemical Plant was built, a new branch of the mining industry - potash - was developed. In 1976 on the lands of the city (9 km from the development zone) opened, and since 1977 operated Yurchuk oil field with initial balance reserves of 37.1 million tons. The annual production of the field is 335 thousand tons of oil. The deposit of silicate sands of Zayachya Gorka (balance reserves of 10.7 million m³, production of 276 thousand m³) is being developed, the Sukhanovskoye clay deposit is planned for development (stocks of 2.1 million m³), the reserve field is PGS (2 million m³). The city is characterized by a developed social infrastructure. The housing stock is 300.8 thousand square meters. m of total area, including 94.8%, is socialized fund. The level of improvement of socialized and cooperative housing stock (share of equipped living space, in %): water supply 99.4; sewerage 99.4; central heating 99.5; bathroom or shower 96.3; gas 94.0; hot water supply 99.2. 83% of citizens have separate apartments, 8.5% live in communal apartments, 4.8% live in dormitories, 3.6% occupy their own house. There are 219 retailers in the city (including 164 stores with an area of 30,120 square meters and 55 tents, 211 catering enterprises (18 thousand seats, of which 281 places are in the suburban zone). In Berezniki there are 22 communication enterprises (1992) and PBX with a total capacity of 9.1 thousand numbers. In terms of telephony (33.5 units per 100 families), the city is significantly ahead of the regional average (29.1). There is a 2nd regional hospital in the city. The fund of hospital institutions - about 3040 units, doctors - 832, nurses - 2160. There's a drama theater. The number of places in club institutions 4.2 thousand units, book fund of libraries - 1.0 million volumes (1992) The education system includes the general technical faculty of the Perm State Technical University, a branch of the Ural State Economic University, a branch of the Russian State Vocational and Pedagogical University, 4 secondary special educational institutions (polytechnic college (899 students, 41 teachers), medical school (533 and 83 respectively), construction technical school (661 and 30), about 30 secondary schools, 8 vocational schools and 102 preschools (12656 places, 3817 employees). Among persons over 15 years of age, 24.2% have higher or secondary special education (1989). Among the employed population, the share of specialists is 22.2%. Berezniki is the second largest scientific center in the region. Scientific organizations of the city have (1991) the main means of scientific activity for 7.8 million rubles, including 2.1 million rubles - machines and equipment (at 1989 prices), organizations employ about eight hundred employees (including 309 have higher education, 35 of them - candidates of sciences). Main scientific institutions: Russian Institute of Titanium and Magnesium (200 employees, including 23 candidates of sciences, 2.9 million rubles of fixed assets). Scientific divisions of SODA (28 employees), SODA (22 employees, including 1 candidate of sciences).