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It was founded in 1536 as a fortified Bui point during the reign of Elena Vasilievna Glinskaya and served as a refuge for the surrounding residents during the raids of Kazan Tatars. The name from the Russian buoy "open high place; square near the church with houses for posting; cemetery".

In 1587, Princes Vasily and Alexander Shuisky were exiled to Bui. In the 17th century, the city suffered greatly from the Poles.

In 1719 it became part of the Kostroma province, since 1778 the district of the Kostroma governorship. In 1796 it was abolished, in 1802 it was again approved by the county city.

Factories: chemical, semiconductor devices, sawmill. Factories: sewing, furniture, flax factory. Food industry enterprises.