Dmitrov

Dmitrov is a city in the Russian Federation, a district center in the Moscow region, located 65 km north of Moscow on the Yakhrom River and the Moscow Canal.

 

Dmitrov is a railway station on the Moscow-Kimra line.

 

Population 68,792 (2020).

 

In Dmitrov there is a milling machine plant, an excavator plant; sewing association "Youth"; offset printing factory, aluminum canning tape plant, a plant of bridge reinforced concrete structures.

Dmitrov was founded in 1154 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. In the 13th century, the city became a well-fortified fortress, which served to guard the way to Suzdal. In 1363 it was annexed to the Moscow Principality. In the 17th century, Dmitrov suffered greatly during the Time of Troubles.

He received the status of a county city in 1781. In the 20th century, Dmitrov became the center of construction of the Moscow Volga canal, in 1934 a large knitting factory began to work here. In 1941, it was Dmitrov who turned out to be the border where fascist troops were stopped trying to bypass Moscow from the north.

In Dmitrov, a large number of historical and architectural monuments have been preserved, including wooden buildings in the Art Nouveau style. Among the temple buildings are the Assumption Cathedral (1509), the brick Sretensky Church (1814), the Trinity-Tikhvin Church (1785-1801). In Dmitrov there is a functioning Borisogleb monastery, first mentioned in the documents of 1472. To this day, Borisoglebsky Cathedral (1537), St. Nicholas Surwart Church with refectory and residential chambers (1685-1687), walls and towers (1689), cells and services (18-19 centuries) have been preserved.

Monuments of civil architecture of Dmitrov - wooden house Novoselov in the style of Empire (1842), brick house Emelyanov in the style of classicism (second half of the 17th century), Milyutina's house (late 19th - early 20th century) - a bright example of Art Nouveau architecture, the house of Olsufievs (1895), where the theorist of anarchism P. A. Kropotkin lived and died. The history of Dmitrov and Dmitrov district is told by the local museum of local lore.

The surroundings of Dmitrov are interesting with numerous historical monuments, art crafts have long been developed here. 15 km from the city is the ancient village of Kostino, known in the 18th century due to the "camushin" fishing - the manufacture of beads, buttons.

The neighboring village of Ilyinskoye was famous for cutting glass and stones. Kostin art developed in Soviet times (in 1932, an industrial farm was opened here), but in the early 1990s it fell into decline. The village of Verbilki, 18 km from Dmitrov, is famous for its porcelain factory, founded in 1766.

Temples in the vicinity of Dmitrov and numerous estates in the Dmitrov district represent a retrospective of several centuries of Russian history. In the village of Andreevskoye, the Intercession Church with a refectory and three-tiered bell tower in the style of mature classicism (1803), built at the expense of the counts of Orlov, has been preserved.

Significant architectural monuments can be found in the villages of Voronovo (Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in the Empire style of 1826), Assaurovo (church of 1824), Ivanovo (church of 1836), Karpovo (church of 1744), Kulikovo (church of 1807), Matveykovo-Semerlino (church of 1785), Morozovo (ch of 1823). In the village of Khrabrovo preserved the church of the 1790s and the estate of Prince E. P. Obolensky, built at the turn of the 18-19 centuries.

To the north-east of the city is the village of Danilovskoye, in which in the second half of the 18th century Prince I. F. Golitsyn built a manor, which is an example of manor art of the Baroque era. Preserved two-storey brick house, wings, St. Nicholas Church (1768-1771) and a park in the style of Moscow Baroque. The names of Prince I. I. Shuisky and Decembrist M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin are associated with the Danilov estate.

In the manor Nikolskoe-Obolyanovo, created in the early 19th century by P. H. Obolyanov, there were L. N. Tolstoy and D. I. Mendeleev. The village of Podyachevo, in which this estate is located, got its name in honor of the peasant writer S. P. Podyachev. From the buildings of the estate, a two-storey master's house in the style of classicism (early 19th century), wings, Nikolskaya Church (1794), a refectory, two-tier bell tower and a landscape park have been preserved.

To the north of Podyachevo there is an estate Olgavo, which belonged to the voivode of the city Dmitrov F. V. Chaplin. Most of the buildings of Olga belong to the 18th century, including a brick house in the style of early classicism, wings, residential buildings, the Vvedenskaya church (1751) with a two-tier bell tower (1828) and paired obelisks at the entrance to the estate. In the estate were Prince P. A. Vyazemsky, V. L. Pushkin (uncle A. S. Pushkin), later - L. N. Tolstoy.

The estate of Udino (near the village of Rogachevo, 17 km north-west of Dmitrov), founded in the second half of the 17th century by the Chaplins, is interesting Pokrovskaya church, built by order of Prince I. A. Vyazemsky in the style of classicism in 1789. In the estate were filmed episodes of the film "Hussar Ballad". The Alekseevskaya estate is known for the fact that the philosopher and publicist P. Y. Chaadaev lived here for a long time.

Numerous villages located near Dmitrov have preserved a large number of monuments of temple architecture of different eras. In the village of Lugovoi there is one of the oldest monuments of Russian antiquity - the former Nikolo-Peshnosh monastery (founded in 1361 by the disciple of Sergius of Radonezh Methodius). From the buildings of the monastery, the St. Nicholas Cathedral (15-16 centuries) with a bell tower (16 centuries), the Holy Gate with the Transfiguration Church (1689), the Sergiev and Sretensky Churches, the Treasury Corps, the Rectory Corps, the Brotherly Corps, the Spasskaya Tower, brick walls with towers have been preserved. In the village of Medvedeva Pustin, some buildings of the Nativity-Theotokos desert abolished in 1764 by Medvedeva: the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin (1547-1556) with a bell tower (16th century) and the wooden Savior Church (12th century), moved in 1809 from the village of Dulovo.

6 km from Dmitrov is the city of Yakhroma, the center of the textile industry. Here you can find interesting structures related to the complex of the Jahroma Reservoir, for example, the lock - 3 with towers decorated with bronze models of the caravels of H. Columbus. Of the architectural monuments in Yakhrom, the most valuable are the Trinity Church (1892-1895), with a bell tower (1908) and the Ascension Church (late 19th century). Near the city there is a monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, who defended Peremilovskaya height - the extreme point that German troops managed to reach in the Moscow battle of 1941-1942.