Yeisk was founded by the Decree of Emperor Nicholas I of March 5, 1848 as a port city at the base of the Yeisk Spit. The decree formulated the main goals of creating a new city and port: “Wishing to teach the residents of the Stavropol province and the troops of the Black Sea new means for the successful and profitable sale abroad of their agricultural products and thereby contribute to the development of all industries in this region...”

The initiative to open the port city, which for a long time remained the city of Yeisk, belonged to the military ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army Grigory Rashpiel and the viceroy of the Caucasus Field Marshal Shining Prince Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov.

The official opening of the city took place in August 1848 on the site of the fortification of the Khan town, built in the city.1777-1779years by order of Field Marshal P. A. Rumyantsev for the Crimean Khan Shahin-Girey. The new city was settled by settlers from the Kursk, Stavropol, Voronezh and Poltava provinces.

Already in 1849, the first General Plan for the development of the city was approved, and the Yei port began to function. By the middle. 1870s During the year, the port’s cargo turnover grew to 5 million gold rubles, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 4 million tons of various cargoes, mainly wheat, were exported annually through the Yeisk port. By this time, Yeisk became a major center of grain trade in the south of Russia. In the city opened 5 banks, expanded in1852–1854Years of Gostiny Dvor.

During the Crimean War, the city suffered from the shelling of the Anglo-French squadron, which entered the Sea of Azov in order to cut off the supply routes of Sevastopol with food. The English landing, landed in the city, was defeated by Cossack units and city militia. One of the organizers of this militia for courage and heroism was awarded the Order of St. George.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Yeisk became a major center of international trade and became the cultural center of the South of Russia. In 1904, on the initiative of the city authorities, the reconstruction of the port was carried out, and in 1911 the Yeyskaya Railway Joint Stock Company, created on the initiative of Mayor Nenashev, opened a railway service. Since 1912, the resort business has been developing in the city. On the basis of open on the territory of the city reserves of hydrogen sulfide water and mud of the Khan Lake there was a balneological resort, which exists today. By 1912, the population of the city was 50 thousand people. The city had a real school, a women's Ksenin gymnasium, a women's two-class school, 11 elementary schools, 8 bookstores. Since 1905, the city had a society of lovers of fine arts, arranging concerts and performances. According to available data, the scenery for one of the amateur performances was created by K. Malevich, who was vacationing in Yeisk with his friends. At the beginning of the twentieth century, newspapers were published in the city: “Eisky Telegraph”, “Eisky Leaf”, “Eisky Herald”, “Priazov Speech”. They had a power station and a telephone. Most of the streets of the city were paved and lighted with electricity.

With the outbreak of World War I, the importance of Yeisk as an international port declined. Through it are mainly rear army transportation.

On February 2, 1918, Soviet power was briefly established in Yeisk. The population of Yeisk in those years had to repel the attacks of the Cossack detachments of Esaul Podgorny, who sought to capture the city. In the summer of 1918, the Volunteer Army troops under the command of General Pokrovsky entered the city. In March 1920, the city was liberated by the troops of the Mtsensky Regiment of the 15th Inzen Division.

In1920-30Yeysk has been developing as an industrial center. At this time were built factories "Molot" (now "Polygraphmash"), "Agricultural spare part" (now Machine-tool plant) and others. Continues its development and Nai resort, which has become a resort of All-Russian significance.

From the beginning. 1930s The naval school of pilots (now a branch of the Gagarin Military Air Academy) was relocated to Yeisk, which educated more than 300 heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia. Among them are the first Heroes of Lapidevsky, Levanevsky, Molokov, Doronin, cosmonaut pilots Belyaev, Shonin, Janibekov, Padalka, Onufrienko, the hero of the Republic of Cuba T. Mendes, the current Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force Mikhailov and many others.

In 1939, Yeisk became a city of regional subordination within the Krasnodar Territory and the administrative center of Yeisky District.

During the Great Patriotic War, more than 15,000 nychants fought on all fronts, defending the independence of our Motherland.

In 1942, the Azov military flotilla was based in the Yeisk port, under the command of Admiral S. Gorshkov. In August 1942 in the area of pos. sailor 144th A separate battalion of marines under the command of A.I. Vostrikov and the Ii fighter battalion was delayed advance of the enemy to Yeisk, which allowed to withdraw the forces of the Azov flotilla to Temryuk.

From August 1942 to February 1943, the city experienced terrible months of enemy occupation. During these six months, more than a thousand people suffered at the hands of the Nazis, including 214 children from an orphanage, tortured by the Nazis. Material damage to the city is estimated at 100 million rubles.

The greatest heroism was shown at the front by our countrymen. Evidence of this is the fact that 25. They were awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Colonel-General of Aviation T. T. Khryukin was awarded this title twice. At school-lyceum No. 4 there is a monument to Sergei Roman, the hero who repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov in the battles for the liberation of Belarus. His name is one of the streets of Yeisk.

Yeichans honor the memory of Viti Chalenko, who died on the Small Land at the age of 15, female warriors: K. Nedelko, M. Eykina, V. Stupak and many others.

More than 8,000 of our countrymen died brave on the battlefields. The inhabitants of the city cherish the memory of the dead.

In the postwar years, Yeisk was landscaped, its economic base developed, new residential areas appeared. A water conduit was built, providing the city with drinking water, the sanatorium "Yesk" is being built.

Yeisk gave Russia hundreds of outstanding personalities. Among them are people of science and art, astronauts, famous athletes. We can name several brilliant names: D. I. Mitrokhin is an artist and graphic artist, A. M. Evlakhov is a professor of philology, doctor of medical sciences, who knew several languages and did a lot to educate fellow countrymen. S. A. Mezentsev played an important role in the art of the first post-revolutionary years. The pride of our city is I. M. Poddubny, six-time world champion in classical wrestling, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Honored Master of Sports, who lived in our city and was buried here. Our countryman, military pilot A.V. Lyapidevsky, took part in the rescue of the Chelyuskin expedition and for his courage was awarded the Golden Star at number 1, becoming the first Hero of the Soviet Union.

From the small seaside town came major scientists, masters of arts: N. I. Pavlenko - Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences; E. A. Kotenko - Doctor of Technical Sciences, First Vice-President of the Academy of Mining Sciences, laureate of the State Prize, member of the Union of Writers; G. I. Anokhin - Candidate of Historical Sciences, prominent ethnographer and member of the Faroe Academy; V. A. Bout - poet, writer, laureate of the Union of Journalists; B. I. Thor - artist, architect, laureate of the Lenin Prize, who designed the Kremlin Palace of Congresses and sports complex "Olympic"; S. F. Bondokhin, the first winner of the Russian film "Oly award"

The nychants-athletes glorified their city: the Zaporozhchenko family, Alexander Rusakov – world and European champion in trampoline jumping, Dmitry Kolesnikov – master of sports of Russia in Greco-Roman wrestling.

Monuments of history, architecture and culture in the city of Yeisk.

Yeysk is included in the list of historical settlements of Russia. The city is rich in historical and architectural monuments. On the state registration consists of 22 objects. Of these, there are 9 historical monuments, 13 architecture. The most interesting of them are: the Gostiny Dvor complex, consisting of42x objects, residential houses of merchants Lopata, Tokhov, Agababov, Lutsenko, Varvarov and others. Of great interest are the buildings: the former Ksenin Gymnasium (now School No. 2), the City Council (now College "Eyeskiy"), the fire department (now Investment Bank), the Merchant Assembly (now the garrison house of officers), the Bristol Hotel (now Children's Art School), the Strutsky Trading House (now the district communication center) and many others.

Characteristic of modern Yeisk is the preserved background building of the late XIX - early XX century, giving it a unique look of the old South Russian city.

Of great interest are military-historical monuments. Among them are the bust of Twice Hero of the Soviet Union T. T. Khryukin by E. Vuchetich, the armored boat “Eye patriot” installed on the pedestals, built on the money of nychants in 1943 and the tank “Eyesk kolkhoznik”, built on the money of residents of Yeisky district. On Revolution Square there is a memorial complex with the Eternal Flame.

For the city of Yeisk, the Ministry of Culture and the Institute "Special Project Restoration" developed a draft historical and reference plan of the city, the first for the cities of the Krasnodar Territory.

Unique is the memorial museum of Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny, which collected thousands of materials and documents about the outstanding wrestler.

Culture and art in the city of Yeysk.

Yeysk is famous for its cultural traditions. The club network includes 5 institutions. Among them, the leading role is played by the City Palace of Culture. In its 51 teams are engaged more than 2.5 thousand people.

Yeisky Museum of Local History named after V.V. Samsonov, founded in 1920, is one of the oldest museums in Kuban. It stores more than 50 thousand exhibits on nature, archeology and history of the North-Eastern Azov region. More than 1.5 thousand units have a collection of paintings and graphics, the basis of which was the gift of the collector-boy I. Arzamastsev. Every year the museum is visited by about 100 thousand people. Branches of the museum are the memorial museum of I.M. Poddubny and the memorial complex “Defenders of Yeisk”.

Yeisky Children's School of Arts is one of the largest in the region. There are more than 1,300 gifted children in three departments.

The centralized library system in the book fund has more than 400,000 books.

One of the largest in the region is the Park of culture and recreation named after Poddubny. There are more than 30 attractions on 33 hectares of the park territory. The park is a favorite resting place for residents and guests of the city.

The city’s cinema network consists of the S.F. Bondarchuk Cinema House (under renovation) and the Rodina Cinema (under renovation).

In the city there are 9 folk and 3 exemplary amateur groups. Among them is the only Russian folk operetta theater. Very popular are: the folk circus collective "Scarlet Sails", awarded a number of Russian and international awards, the theater of the reader, the ensemble of the pop song "Golden Fish", the theater-studio "Pygmalion", the folk ensemble of Cossack song and dance of the UCP VOS "Cossack Circle", the exemplary children's ensemble "Ae Cossacks" and others.