Nikolsk Historical and Memorial Museum A.Ya.Yashin

In the historical part of the city of Nikolsk there is a two-storey building of the historical and memorial museum of A. Yashin. The mansion, to which the museum moved in 1997, was built one hundred and seventy-five years ago by merchant G. M. Leshukov. In different years, there were Presence Places, the Treasury, the Children's House, the infectious diseases department of the hospital, the police department, cells for prisoners, residential apartments and a bank.

The historical and memorial museum of A. Yashin was opened in 1989 on the basis of two independent museums - local history and memorial. The diversity of the museum collection is vividly reflected in the exposition of the exhibition sections.

Visitors are introduced to the history of the county city with photographs by Vologda photographer I. I. Yakubov of 1905-1909.
In 1894 in Nikolsk there were three stone temples, 375 houses, four of which were stone, theological school, women's gymnasium, city and parish schools, almshouse, hospital, one distillery and two brick factories. The inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, crafts, worked on the pier. Nikolsk was famous for its trade: bread, grain, timber, linen, tar, tar and other goods were exported from here.

In the XIX – early XX centuries, Nikolsky district became a place of political exile. At different times in Nikolsk served exile critic-publicist N. V. Shchelgunov, famous traveler, geographer and ethnographer G. N. Potanin.

A small hall of the museum is dedicated to the Orthodox history of the area. Now in Nikolsk there is one functioning church - Kazan. The age of the city Sretensky Cathedral of the XVIII century. was once the center and dominant of the city. But it was a difficult fate - the building burned six times.

The opening of parishes in the district in 1991 is associated with the name of Father Sergius Kolcheev. He also resumed the procession to the village of Dunilovo (40 km from Nikolsk), where in 1677 the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was revealed. The church in Dunilov (1712) is the earliest surviving wooden building in the district. Traditionally, on January 22, the museum hosts evenings in memory of Father Sergey Kolcheev.

The exposition is decorated with models of lost churches made by local master Nikolai Gomzikov.

In the “Shopping Hall” there are personal belongings and photos of Nicholas merchants.

The merchant of the I Guild Alexei Ilyin was engaged in distillery: in the city there were his factories, wine shops, cellars. He made a significant contribution to the development of trade relations of Nikolsk in the XIX century. In honor of Ilyin, the annual Nikolsk fair is named.
The name of the doctor M. A. Perov is now the central district hospital, built by Mikhail Avtonomovich on the funds of the Zemstvo and personal savings. The second marriage Perov was married to the richest bride of Nikolsk – the only daughter of the merchant Ilyin. Despite his employment in the hospital and participation in the work of the Zemstvo council, Mikhail Avtonomovich was repeatedly elected to magistrates, to various boards of trustees, to members of the Nikolsk branch of the Velikoustyug Stephano-Prokopyev brotherhood. He also found time to teach in educational institutions of Nikolsk, was a member of the district teachers' council.

By 1917, M. A. Perov had the rank of State Councilor, was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus II and III degrees, the Order of St. Anna III degree.

Opposite the museum is a one-storey chopped house with a mezzanine - the house of the merchant dynasty of the Spirins. Vladimir Vasilyevich Spirin is the founder of northern gardening. In 1884 he began collecting apple seedlings and buttocks. In the 90s of the XIX century, fruit and berry plants appeared in his garden from the Urals, the Far East, the Volga region. Work on plant acclimatization has begun. V.V. Spirin’s experiments in this direction were approved by I.V. Michurin. In 1928, the Nikolsky stronghold of the All-Union Institute of Crop Production was formed, and in 1932, a special research state institution was created on the basis of the garden of V. V. Spirin - Nikolsky fruit and berry stronghold, which was transferred to the Michurinsky Research Center.

Spirin produced winter-resistant varieties of apple trees, gooseberry, currants, raspberries. After the death of Vladimir Vasilyevich, the father’s work was continued by Vera Vladimirovna Spirina.

The memorial rooms of Spirin’s house – an office and a dining room – have preserved elements of the original interior: parquet floors, Dutch ovens with cast-iron curtain doors, part of mahogany furniture. Since 1995, the Center for Traditional Folk Culture has been reviving the garden. The program “Second Life of the Spirin Garden” works here.

The exposition “Musical Corner” concludes: at the beginning of the XX century there were good musical powers in Nikolsk. Teachers and students of the pedtechnic, women's gymnasium gave concerts on a voluntary basis. Teacher Antonina Kolotilova created a northern folk choir in Nikolsk. One of the choruses - Evgenia Tropin - later became an artist of the Leningrad Maly Opera and Ballet Theater. Evgenia Alexandrovna donated her notebook and concert tour dress to the museum.

The massive entrance door to the room where the exposition "Numismatics" is located is a "legacy" from the bank located in this building during the Soviet years. It was in this small room that there was a money vault.

The nature halls are of interest to children for a reason: the museum staff used taxidermic sculptures to decorate fairy tales: Masha and three bears, Kolobok.

The military history of the area tells the Halls of Memory. There is a permanent exhibition – “Nikolsk during the Great Patriotic War”. Nikol’s citizens are proud of their Heroes: Guards Privates V. M. Pavlov and V. I. Badanin, Senior Lieutenant N. A. Pyankov, Army General M. I. Kazakov, Marshal I. S. Konev.

The basis of the literary exposition in the museum building in Nikolsk is the memorial room of Alexander Yashin. This is the setting of the Moscow office of the writer, handed over by his widow Zlata Konstantinovna in 1969. Here are the original documents, photographs, belongings of the writer and his family. Of particular value is Yashin’s personal library, which includes books by Soviet writers with gift inscriptions, works by the author himself. Yashinsky expositions are replenished mainly thanks to the daughter of the writer Natalia Alexandrovna.

The historical and memorial museum includes the memorial complex of the writer Alexander Yashin on Bobrishny Ugor, which is a specially protected natural territory - a complex (landscape) state reserve of regional significance, a house-museum in the village of Bludnovo, literary and memorial expositions in the main museum building in Nikolsk. The writer’s house on Bobrishny Ugor and the grave with a monument-grave are objects of cultural heritage of regional importance.

The village of Bludnovo is the birthplace of Alexander Yakovlevich Yashin. Here he was born and grew up, from here he left for a great life. Now in the parents’ house Yashin Museum: a simple peasant atmosphere, old household utensils – everything as in the childhood of the poet. The house is preserved layout, furniture, as it was during the life of the mother of the writer Evdokia Grigorievna.

On the territory of the memorial complex on Bobrishny Ugor, the writer's house, built by Bludnovsk carpenters in 1962 at the request of Yashin. He lived there every summer until late autumn. Now there are museum expositions that preserve the writer’s way of life – simplicity, reaching asceticism. The house-museum is always open to visitors - this was the will of Alexander Yakovlevich: "No constipation, no locks, no fences, kind people hut all year round will be happy." Bobrish Ugor became the last earthly refuge of the poet. According to his will, he was buried here, in the place indicated by himself. After the death of the writer, Days of Poetry and literary meetings were held on Bobrishny Ugor. In recent years, on July 11, on the Day of Remembrance of A. Yashin, a memorial service is served at his grave.

Bobrish Ugor is adjacent to the south side of the river South. Contrasts of relief, intricately looping riverbed, splashes and rifts, floodplain lakes and old women create a surprisingly picturesque landscape.

The Historical and Memorial Museum of A. Yashin invites you to visit the excursion and tourist routes: “On the old streets of Nikolsk” (acquaintance with the historical part of the city and its architecture), “My Holy Places” (a route dedicated to A. Yashin), the ethnographic route “Nikolskaya Antiquity”, the ecological route “There, on unknown paths”, pilgrimage routes “On the holy places of the Nikolsk Territory” and “Dear Bishop Hierofey”.