Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky (before the 15th century Pereyaslavl) is a city in the Russian Federation, the district center of the Yaroslavl region. The city is located in the north-eastern part of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the south-eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River, 21 km from the Beredeyevo railway station, 124 km south-west of Yaroslavl.

The population is 37 943 thousand inhabitants (2020).

Pereslavl-Zalessky is included in the Golden Ring route of Russia.

The city was founded in 1152 as a fortress on the southern borders of North-Eastern Russia by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky after returning from a campaign to the city of Chernihiv. Pereslavl had defensive structures with a high shaft (up to 10 m), double wooden walls (not preserved) with 12 towers, three of which were passways. The fortifications were covered by the Trubezh River, as well as a large moat called the Grobly River. The first Pereslavl prince was Vsevolod the Big Nest. Pereslavl was the center of Pereslavsky Opole, a fertile agricultural region. Alexander Nevsky was born in the city in May 1220, whose life is closely connected with the history of Pereslavl. Until the beginning of the 15th century, the city was repeatedly subjected to Tatar raids, in 1611-1612 it suffered from Polish invaders. Since the 15th century Pereslavl-Zalessky - the patrimony of the Moscow princes.

In 1688-1693, on Pleshcheev Lake, near the village of Vashyakovo, Peter I built a "fun" flotilla. In the future, Peter I repeatedly visited these places, showed concern for the preservation of ships, yachts, galleys built here. In 1708 the city was assigned to the Moscow province. In 1778, Pereslavl-Zalessky received the status of a county city and became part of the Vladimir governorship, later the province.

Attractions

The oldest building of Pereslavl is the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. Here he was ordained abbot Sergius of Radonezh, Alexander Nevsky was baptized, the temple was burned and plundered several times. Until the end of the 19th century, the cathedral contained the contributions of Yuri Dolgoruky - a silver chapel, a cup and an icon of the Savior, now stored in the Historical Museum of Moscow. Near the cathedral on Red Square stands a church in the name of Metropolitan Peter, built in 1585.

A special role in the appearance of Pereslavl belongs to monasteries. One of the oldest monasteries in Russia is the Nikitsky Monastery, presumably founded in 1010 by Prince Boris in honor of the Great Martyr Nikita. The central place in the monastery is occupied by the Nikitsky Cathedral, built in 1561-1564.

On the south side of the cathedral is the chapel of Nikita Stolpnik. To the south of the cathedral there is a complex of monastic buildings, among which stands the Church of the Annunciation with a refectory and a bell tower (1564). On the territory of the monastery, fraternal cells of the 17-18 centuries and an octagonal chapel with preserved paintings on the themes of the life of Nikita Stolpnik have been preserved. The fortress walls and towers of the Nikitsky Monastery were built in the 17-18 centuries.

In the southern part of Pereslavl there is the Uspensky Goritsky Monastery, founded, presumably, in the 12th century on the site of the Jester Grove - a pagan temple. In 1382 the monastery was burned down by the Tatars. The existing ensemble was formed in the 17-18 centuries.

It includes the Holy Gate with the Nikolsk Gate Tower of the 17th century; The Assumption Cathedral (the beginning of construction refers to the second half of the 18th century); the Church of All Saints with a refectory (17th century); the Church of the Epiphany with a bell tower (18th century); two towers of the 18th century; wooden chapels of the 19th century. The historical and art museum-reserve, located on the territory of the Goritsky Monastery, was opened in 1919 thanks to the efforts of local historian M. I. Smirnov. The museum collection includes tens of thousands of exhibits.

Opposite the Goritsky Monastery there is a man’s monastery – the Trinity-Danilov Monastery, founded in 1508 by the hieromonk of the Goritsky Monastery Daniel. The center of the monastery is the Trinity Cathedral built in 1532. In the 17th century, after the ruin in the Time of Troubles, the monastery was rebuilt in stone at the expense of Prince I. P. Baryatinsky. Then the Church of Praise of the Virgin with a refectory (1653-1696), the bell tower with a German clock (1689), the stone church of All Saints (1687) were created. The walls of the monastery have not been preserved, but the Holy Gate with the gate church of Our Lady of Tikhvin (1750) remained.

The most remote of the monasteries of Pereslavl is the Fedorovsky Monastery, founded in memory of the battle of Tverich with Muscovites. In the center of the Cathedral square is the Cathedral of Fyodor Stratilat - the oldest building of the monastery (1562). In 1710, the sister of Tsar Peter I Natalia Alekseevna rebuilt the Vvedenskaya church, and in 1714 - the hospital church of the Kazan Mother of God.

All-Russian fame had shrines of the monastery - icons of the Feodorov Mother of God (family icon of the house of Romanov) and the Mother of God. Nikolsky Monastery was founded by Dmitry Prilutsky presumably in 1348. Serious destruction of the monastery was already under Soviet rule - in 1932. The Annunciation Church of the 18th century, cells of the late 19th century were restored in the monastery, the monastery fence with gates was rebuilt.

The architectural appearance of Pereslavl is impossible to imagine without churches located on many squares and streets. These include: Vladimir (1745), the Church of Alexander Nevsky (1746), Sorokosvyatskaya in the Rybnaya Sloboda (1775), Simeonovskaya (1771), Chernihiv Chapel (1702), Sretenskaya (late 18 "early 19th century). Of the civil buildings of the 18th century, the estate of the Timerin merchants (the second half of the 18th century) and the building of the oldest manufactory in Russia have been preserved.

Interest for tourists is the museum-estate "Botik Peter I" with a stone obelisk in honor of Peter I. This is where his bot Fortune is stored. Not far from the museum-estate is the ancient village of Usolye, known from the stories of M. M. Prishvin, whose house is preserved in the village.

In addition, in Pereslavl there is a museum of the history of the fleet, a railway museum, a garden-arboretum (founded in 1956 by forester S. F. Kharitonov). Near the city, the estate of F. I. Chaliapin, the dacha of the artist K. A. Korovin. On the banks of Pleshcheev Lake near the Veksa River is the Kukhmar tract, where the Neolithic period was located. In the vicinity of Pereslavl found Kleschinsky complex - archaeological monument, the center of which is the chronicle predecessor of Pereslavl city Kleschin. Near the city is Alexandrov Mountain, the top of which is called by the people Yarilin Pleshya, and at the foot of it lies Sin-Kamen - a place of worship of the pagans.

The Pereslavl Historical and Art Museum is located in the School Building of the Goritsky Monastery. The museum was founded in 1918, unites the local history museum, the picture gallery named after D. N. Kardovsky, the estate "Botik" and Gorki-Pereslavsky (restored in 1964 and 1985 the estate of merchant A. A. Ganshin - the reason for the restoration was the fact that one of the works of V. I. Lenin was published underground here).