Venyov

Founded in the 12th century, 7 km from the modern city. It was first mentioned in 1371, but the early history of its name is unclear. In 1483 it is referred to as Veneuve, in 1570 the city of Veneuve.

The name is associated with the location on the Venev River (now Venevka). Hydronym from the ancient Russian verb to twist, with alternation according to the type of formation of wreaths, broom, characterizes the winding of the riverbed.

Presumably, it was originally founded on the Ositor River, in the area of the modern village of Guryeva, was part of the Ryazan principality. Since the end of the 15th century. in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. By the middle of the 16th century, Venev, apparently, was destroyed, and instead of him, the boyar I.V. Sheremetev built a new city (wooden fortress) on the territory of modern Venev called Gorodensk, which in 1568, together with the Venevsky district, passed to Prince I.F. Mstislavsky. In 1572 it became a palace estate, and, judging by the spiritual charter of Ivan the Terrible, Gorodensk was renamed Venev. In the 15th and 17th centuries it was a part of the sect line.

By the beginning of the 17th century, a new, more powerful fortress was built, which played an important role in the peasant war under the leadership of I.I. Bolotnikov (1606-07), the Venevsky voivode A. Khilkov was smashed near its walls. In 1633 the fortress was burned down by the Crimean Tatars, and a new six-towered city was later built. In 1730 the fortress was severely damaged by fire.

Since 1777 the county city of Tula province.

In the 19th century, the economic importance of Veneuve was extremely insignificant. Only a distillery operated, there were 9 churches, more than 20 shops and retail shops. There were many orchards around the city, limestone was mined in the area (in the 1930s it was used in the decoration of Moscow metro stations).

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, Veneuve was occupied by German fascist troops from November 25 to December 11, 1941.