Constitution Day of Bulgaria
Description:
The Tarnov Constitution was almost exactly copied from the Belgian Constitution (the most progressive constitution of its time) and enshrined in Bulgaria the state structure of a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary legislative power. In the future, the powers of the monarch steadily increased to the point that in 1934 the Tarnovo Constitution was completely trampled by Boris the Third establishment of his regime of personal power. Then all parties were banned, and the cabinet was appointed personally by the tsar. After September 9, 1944, the Tarnovo Constitution was restored, but not for long - after a referendum in 1946, the monarchy was overthrown, and the Grand National Assembly was reconvened.
During the years of socialism in Bulgaria, the Dimitrov constitution (since 1947) and the Zhivkov constitution (since 1971) acted consistently. The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria adopted by the Seventh Grand People's Assembly in 1991 (12.07.1991) is in force. Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with a parliament of 240 people's deputies. Elections to the National Assembly are held every 4 years. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are nominated by the People's Assembly.
The new constitution enshrined the status of the head of state - the president, whose powers are limited. Presidential elections are held every 5 years. This constitution abolishes the clause that enshrines a certain party to a leading role in the country (as was the case with the Bulgarian Communist Party before), and also specifies the inviolability of private property. Three types of power are clearly distinguished - legislative, executive and judicial. Freedom of religion, freedom of parties and associations, freedom of opinion, freedom of the press, and freedom of business were declared. Higher education institutions have academic autonomy.
Recently, there have been debates about changes to the country’s constitution. Most often mentioned is the expansion of the powers of the president, the reduction of the number of people's deputies, the withdrawal of the prosecutor's office from the judiciary and the possibility of providing land for purchase by foreign citizens.