Independent tourism and recreation in Bulgaria

A brief history of Bulgaria

The history of Bulgaria is rich in events and various periods. Here is a brief overview of its key points:

1. Ancient times:
   • The first settlements on the territory of modern Bulgaria date back to the VI-V millennium BC.
   • In the VIII-VI centuries BC, the territory became part of the Thracian Kingdom, and then the Roman Empire.
2. The Middle Ages:
   • In the sixth century AD, the Bulgars, a Turkic tribe, came to the north of the Balkans and established their own state.
   • In 864 Khan Boris I was baptized and Bulgaria became the first Slavic and Orthodox state.
3. The period of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (XII-XIV centuries):
   • This period was characterized by the flowering of culture and art, as well as the struggle for independence from Byzantium.
4. Ottoman Empire (XIV-XIX centuries):
   • Bulgaria fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the XIV century and remained it until the end of the XIX century.
   • During the period of Ottoman rule, the Bulgarian population was subjected to severe social and religious restrictions.
5. National Revival (XIX century):
   • In the XIX century, the national revival of the Bulgarian people began, which led to the desire for independence.
   • Liberation from the Ottoman Empire occurred in 1908, and Bulgaria declared independence.
6. Between the Wars and World War II:
   • Bulgaria participated in the First World War on the side of the Central Powers.
   • Between the wars and during World War II, the country was influenced by Nazi Germany, leaving a mark on history.
7. Socialist period (1946-1989):
   • After World War II, Bulgaria became a socialist people’s republic, part of the Warsaw Pact.
8. After Socialism (1990-present):
   • Since the late 1980s and the collapse of the socialist bloc, Bulgaria has become a democratic state.
   • It became a member of the European Union in 2007.

Today Bulgaria is an independent, democratic state with a rich cultural and historical heritage that attracts tourists from all over the world.

Main activities, religion and interests of the local population in Bulgaria

Main employment: The main employment of the population of Bulgaria is the service sector and industry. The rural population is engaged in agriculture, including the cultivation of grains, vegetables, fruits, grapes and tobacco. Tourism also plays an important role in the economy, especially on the Black Sea coast and in historic cities.

Activities: Bulgaria is diverse in terms of activities. Agriculture plays a key role, and industrial sectors including food production, metallurgy, chemical industry and electricity are developed. Tourism, including cultural and natural tourism, is also important for the country’s economy.

Religion: The main religious movement in Bulgaria is Orthodoxy. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has deep roots in the history of the country, and most Bulgarians profess this faith. There are also the Muslim community, Catholicism and other religious groups.

The interests of the local population: The local population shows interest in traditional Bulgarian cultural events such as national holidays, folklore festivals and festivities. Tourism in connection with beautiful natural landscapes, historical monuments and cultural attractions is also a popular area of interest. Bulgarians are also proud of their cuisine, and local products such as Bulgarian pepper and rose are important components of traditional cooking. In terms of sports, football is very popular among the population.

Interesting places and attractions in Bulgaria

Bulgaria is an amazing country with a rich cultural heritage, beautiful natural scenery and hospitality of its inhabitants. Here are a few aspects that can attract travelers and tourists:

1. Historical heritage:
   • Bulgaria is saturated with historical monuments, including ancient Thracian burial grounds, Byzantine churches, medieval fortresses and Renaissance monuments. The architectural masterpieces highlight the richness of the country’s cultural heritage.
2. Natural beauty:
   • From the Black Sea coast to the mountain peaks of Rhodope, Rila and Pirin, the nature of Bulgaria is delightful. Crystal clear lakes, picturesque valleys and national parks offer excellent opportunities for outdoor activities, hiking and winter sports.
3. Sunshine Coast:
   • Popular resorts on the Black Sea, such as Golden Sands and Sunny Beach, attract tourists with its chic beaches, crystal clear sea and a variety of entertainment.
4. Culinary heritage:
   • Bulgarian cuisine offers unique tastes and traditional dishes such as banitsa, salad shop, kebapcheta and Bulgarian yogurt. Tourists can enjoy authentic gastronomy in traditional restaurants and market squares.
5. Winemaking:
   • Bulgaria is famous for its wines and wine tours are becoming increasingly popular. Regions such as Melnik and Trakia are known for their wine traditions and fine vineyards.
6. Traditional festivals and events:
   • A variety of cultural and musical events, such as the Rose Festival in Kazanlk and the National Folklore Festival in Koprivštica, allow tourists to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of national traditions.
7. Hospitality of the population:
   • Bulgarians are famous for their warm and hospitable attitude to visitors. Tourists often celebrate the friendliness of the local population and the opportunity to learn about the local culture from primary sources.

Bulgaria is a unique combination of cultural heritage, natural wealth and hospitality, making it an attractive destination for travelers and tourists.

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Transport accessibility and level of comfort, accommodation and food in Bulgaria

The assessment of the level of transport, restaurants and hotels in Bulgaria can vary depending on the region and specific preferences. Below are general characteristics and some examples of hotels and restaurants:

Transport:

Public transport: Bulgaria has a developed public transport system, including buses, trams and metro in the capital Sofia. Taxis are also widely available and relatively inexpensive.

Car rental: Many agencies provide car rental services. The roads are usually in good condition, making travelling by car comfortable.

Restaurants:

Expensive restaurants:

1. Vodenitsata Restaurant (Melnik): A cozy place with exquisite Bulgarian cuisine and beautiful views.
2. The Little Things Restaurant (Sophia): Elegant institution with international cuisine.

Average price segment:

1. Restaurant Made in Home (Plovdiv): Authentic place with traditional Bulgarian dishes.
2. Happy Bar & Grill Restaurant (different cities) A chain of restaurants with a variety of menus and reasonable prices.

Economy class:

1. Fast Food Restaurant Chevermeto (Varna): A popular place with budget but delicious dishes.
2. Localnia (Sofia): Cafe with affordable prices and a rich selection of Bulgarian snacks.

Hotels:

Dear hotels:

1. Kempinski Hotel Grand Arena (Bansco): Luxury hotel in the mountains with a high level of service.
2. Arena di Serdica Residence Hotel (Sofia) Five-star hotel in the historic center of the capital.

Average price segment:

1. Hotel Imperial (Plovdiv): Cozy hotel with good services.
2. Hotel & Casino Cherno More (Varna) A mid-range hotel with a convenient location.

Economy class:

1. Hostel Mostel (different cities): A network of hostels with inexpensive rooms and a friendly atmosphere.
2. Family Hotel Agusta: A small family hotel with a pleasant atmosphere.

Bulgaria offers a variety of options for different budgets and preferences, and tourists can find comfortable accommodation and delicious food that meets their expectations.

What to see in Bulgaria

Bulgaria has a rich historical and cultural heritage, as well as beautiful natural attractions. Here are a few of the main places to visit and information on transport accessibility:

1. Sofia:

• Attractions: Alexander Church, National Palace of Culture, St. Sophia Cathedral, Roman Walls and Serdica Amphitheatre.
• Transport: Sofia International Airport serves regular flights. The city has well-developed public transport, including metro, buses and trams.

2. Plovdiv:

• Attractions: Ancient Theatre, Rimsky Stadium, Capana, Ethnographic Museum, House of Architecture.
• Transport: The nearest airport is Plovdiv. The city is provided with good bus and rail infrastructure.

3. Veliko Trnovo:

• Attractions: Tsarevets, Samovodensky charsh, Fortress Trapezitsa.
• Transport: The nearest airport is Varna or Sofia. Rail and bus routes connect the city with other regions.

4. Nessebar:

• Attractions: Old Town, Church of St. John Aliturgetos, Museum of the City.
• Transport: Buses and taxis are available from nearby cities such as Burgas and Sunny Beach.

5. Rilski Manastir:

• Attractions: Manastirsk Tsrkva, icon "Sveti Ivan Rilski".
• Transport: Buses from Sofia regularly follow the Rila manastir. The road also provides access.

6. Rose Valley:

• Attractions: Roses, rose oils, wineries.
• Transport: The Rose Valley is located in Central Bulgaria, accessible by car or with excursion tours.

7. Bansko:

• Attractions: ski resorts, Rilski manastir, Mount Pirin.
• Transport: The nearest airport is Sofia. Buses and taxis provide transfers to Bansko from the capital.

8. Black Sea coast:

• Attractions: Golden Sands, Sunny Beach, Nessebar.
• Transport: The nearest airport is Varna or Burgas. Regular buses and taxis connect the resorts with airports.

Bulgaria has a well-developed transport infrastructure, which makes many attractions easily accessible to tourists.

Holidays, cultural life and events in Bulgaria

Bulgaria hosts many interesting events and festivals throughout the year. Here are some popular events that may interest tourists:

Winter (December to February):

1. Bansko Ski Fest:
   • When: January.
   • Where: Bansko.
   • What: Alpine skiing competitions, concerts and cultural events.
2. Coleda (Christmas):
   • When: December 25th.
   • What: Festive events, fairs, cultural events.

Spring (March-May):

1. Martinin den (Grandma's Day):
   • When: March 1.
   • Traditional Bulgarian holiday associated with the beginning of spring. Giving martenitsa - white and red bracelets and brooches - has become a tradition.
2. Martensko Varnene (Festival of Cooking):
   • When: April.
   • Where: Sofia.
   • Festival dedicated to Bulgarian cooking and traditional dishes.

Summer (June - August):

1. Music festivals:
   • Sophia Philharmonic under the stars (Sophia): A series of open-air concerts.
   • Spirit of Burgas (Bourgas): A major music festival by the sea.
2. International Festival of Folk Music in Zlatograd:
   • When: July.
   • Where: Zlatograd.
   • What: A festival where folk music groups perform.

Autumn (September to November):

1. Sophia Night (Night at the Theatre):
   • When: September.
   • What: Night performances and events in theaters, galleries and other cultural venues.
2. Pink Festival in Kazanlka:
   • When: May.
   • What: A festival dedicated to roses, with a parade and flower exhibitions.
3. International Festival "Golden Lion" (Golden Lion):
   • When: October.
   • Where: Varna.
   • What: Film festival, attracting the attention of filmmakers and connoisseurs of art.

There is always something to see and experience in Bulgaria, no matter the time of year. Cultural events, holidays and festivals give the country a unique and attractive character.

What weather is best for travelling to Bulgaria

Bulgaria has a diverse climate, ranging from temperate to continental inland and Mediterranean on the Black Sea coast. Here is an overview of the climate at different times of the year:

Winter (December to February):

• Air temperature: 0°C to 10°C in the central regions, up to -5°C in the mountains, 5°C to 15°C on the Black Sea coast.
• Water temperature: The average is 8°C to 12°C.

Spring (March-May):

• Air temperature: 10°C to 20°C, gradually rising.
• Water temperature: Gradually increases to 12°C - 16°C.

Summer (June - August):

• Air temperature: 25°C to 35°C, in July and August can reach more than 35°C.
• Water temperature: 22°C to 26°C.

Autumn (September to November):

• Air temperature: 15°C to 25°C, decreasing as winter approaches.
• Water temperature: Gradually decreases to 18°C - 22°C.

Best season to travel: Spring and autumn are considered the best times to visit Bulgaria. At this time, the temperatures are pleasant, nature comes to life, and tourist spots are less crowded. Summer is also a popular time, especially for holidays on the Black Sea coast, but consider the high temperatures in July and August. For lovers of winter sports, winter is great for visiting ski resorts in Rila and Pirin.

Language of communication, traditions, customs and laws in Bulgaria

Language of communication:

The official language in Bulgaria is Bulgarian. Bulgaria uses the Cyrillic alphabet, and although many locals can speak English, especially in tourist areas, it is always helpful to know a few phrases in Bulgarian.

Traditions and customs:

1. Greeting:
   • Shaking hands is a common greeting.
   • When entering the house, shoes are usually removed.
2. Respect for elders:
   • In Bulgarian culture, respect for elders is an important rule.
   • Seniors are offered a seat and are usually welcomed first.
3. Holidays and traditions:
   • National holidays such as Valentine’s Day and Babier Summer are often celebrated with fun and family.
4. Food:
   • It is customary to bring a small gift for dinner, such as flowers or a bottle of wine.
   • When you are invited to visit someone, expect to be treated in abundance.
5. Worship:
   • Visiting churches is a common cultural phenomenon. It is important to observe silence and respect when visiting temples.

Laws and norms of conduct:

1. Public conduct:
   • Public behavior should be respectful and polite. Loud behavior or rudeness is not welcome.
2. Photos:
   • Before photographing people, especially older people, it is best to ask for permission.
3. Safety:
   • Bulgaria is generally a safe place for tourism, but basic precautions should still be taken, especially in crowded places.
4. Compliance with laws:
   • Drug use is prohibited, and breaking the laws can be punishable.
   • Laws regarding public order, alcohol and tobacco must be respected.

A trip to Bulgaria is a great opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the country. Compliance with tradition, respect for local customs and compliance with the laws will help you enjoy a positive experience in this amazing country.

The main dialogues for travel in Bulgaria

Here are some basic words and phrases in the Bulgarian language that can be useful during your trip:

1. Greeting:
   • Hello! (Zdraveyte!) Hello!
   • Hello! (Zdrasti!) - Hello (talking).
2. Politeness:
   • Molya, please.
   • Thanks (Blagodarya) - Thank you.
   • Excuse me. I'm sorry.
3. General phrases:
   • Yeah, yeah.
   • No, no.
   • Moje bi, maybe.
   • Prayya, do you speak English? (Molya, govorish li angliyski?) - Please, do you speak English?
4. Figures:
   • Eating (Edno) - One.
   • Two (Dve) Two.
   • Three (Tri) Three.
   • Chetiri - Four.
   • Pet - Five.
5. Clarification:
   • Where is it? (Kade e...?) - Where is ...?
   • How hard is it? (Kolko struva?) - How much does it cost?
   • Koga? (Koga?) When?
6. Food and drink:
   • Masa for two, pray. Masa za dvama, molya - Table for two, please.
   • Menu, please. (Menu, molya) - Menu, please.
   • Bira - Beer.
   • Wine - Wine.
   • Check, please. - Check, molya, please.
7. Orientation:
   • To the right.
   • Lyavo - Left.
   • Napred is straight.
   • Back (Nazad) - Back.
8. Time spent:
   • Where's the casino? (Kade e kazenoto?) - Where's the casino?
   • We're looking for a theater ticket. I want a ticket to the theater.
   • Where's the nai-neighbours on the bus? (Kade e nay-blizkata spirka na avtobusa?) - Where's the nearest bus stop?

Remember these basic words and phrases and they will help you in easy communication and orientation during your trip to Bulgaria.

What dishes, medicines and gifts are popular in Bulgaria

Bulgaria is famous for its unique culture, beautiful natural scenery and richness of traditional products and souvenirs. Here are some unique and useful things you can bring from a trip around the country:

Food:

1. Pink jam and honey:
   • Rose jam and honey obtained from pink petals are traditional and very tasty Bulgarian delicacies.
2. Lucanca:
   • This is a type of traditional Bulgarian sausage made from pork and beef. Perfect for those who love meat products.
3. Banitsa:
   • This is a popular Bulgarian dish, which is a layer cake with feta and egg. It can be packaged as a souvenir.

Medications:

1. Pink water:
   • Bulgaria is known for its pink fields and rose water is made from rose oil. It is credited with medicinal properties for the skin.
2. Manuka honey:
   • Honey made from the nectar of flowering manuka trees is known for its medicinal properties.
3. Herbal teas:
   • Bulgaria is rich in a variety of medicinal herbs. Herbal teas, such as Melissa or Rosehip, can be beneficial for health.

Souvenirs:

1. Pink Stone:
   • Pink quartz, extracted from pink layers in the Bulgarian mountains, is used to create jewelry and souvenirs.
2. Martenitz:
   • These are traditional Bulgarian amulets, which are red and white bracelets worn in early March.
3. Mascarpone:
   • A type of traditional Bulgarian embroidery used to create textiles and souvenirs.

Wine:

1. Mavroud:
   • This is a grape variety unique to Bulgaria. Maurud wines have a rich taste and aroma.
2. Melnick:
   • This city is famous for its red wines. Wines from the Melnik region are unique and are often considered among the best in the country.

When choosing souvenirs and products, it is important to remember the rules of import and export to avoid problems at customs.

What to cook for a safe holiday in Bulgaria

Safety of rest in Bulgaria:

1. Documents:

• Passport: When visiting Bulgaria, you must have a valid passport. Make sure it does not expire during the trip.

2. Health insurance:

• European Health Insurance Card (ESCM): If you are a citizen of a European Union country, make sure you have an ESCMS providing access to health care.

3. Traveler's insurance:

• Health insurance: It is recommended to purchase additional travel insurance for wider coverage.

4. Emergency services:

• Fire service: 150
• Ambulance: 112
• Police: 166

5. Mobile operators:

• Mobiltel (A1)
• Telenor
• Vivacom

6. Road safety:

• Follow the rules of the road and beware of possible scammers on the roads.
• Keep a close eye on your personal belongings in tourist areas.

7. Electronic devices:

• In case of loss or theft of important documents, create electronic copies and store them in a separate place.

8. Self-defense:

• Bulgaria is generally considered a safe country, but be vigilant, especially in crowded places and public transport.

9. Stay without leaving the country:

• At the time of my last update in January 2022, there is a rule for citizens of Russia, Ukraine and most CIS countries to stay in Bulgaria without leaving for up to 90 days in a period of 180 days. However, the rules may have changed, and it’s always best to check for up-to-date data before traveling.

In any case, it is recommended to follow the updates of the rules and recommendations in official sources before traveling to Bulgaria.

Local currency and customs regulations in Bulgaria

Local currency in Bulgaria:

The local currency in Bulgaria is the Bulgarian lev (BGN), denoted as "lv" or "lev" in the plural.

The left against the dollar and the euro:

Currency rates can change, so it is recommended to check the current values in banks or exchange offices. Usually, the exchange rate of the Bulgarian lev to the dollar and the euro is at about 1 USD = 1.70 BGN, 1 EUR = 1.95 BGN (at the time of the last update in January 2022).

Payment methods and calculations:

1. Cash:
   • Most places accept cash, especially in small shops and restaurants.
2. Credit cards:
   • Credit and debit cards such as Visa and MasterCard are widely accepted in major cities and tourist areas.
3. Exchange points:
   • For currency exchange, it is better to use banks or official exchange offices.

Customs regulations:

1. Currency:
   • When importing or exporting more than 10,000 euros (or the equivalent in another currency) must be declared.
2. Tobacco products and alcohol:
   • There are restrictions on the amount of tobacco and alcohol that can be imported or exported. It is recommended to read the specific rules before traveling.
3. Personal items:
   • General rules apply to the importation of personal effects for personal use. These rules may vary depending on the country and period of stay.
4. Foods and plants:
   • There are restrictions on the import or export of certain foods and plants. Make sure you don’t break the food and plant rules.
5. Animals:
   • If you are traveling with pets, it is important to follow vaccination and health guidelines.

Before traveling, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the current customs rules and requirements to avoid unpleasant situations when crossing the border.

Country maps Bulgaria

Country tourist maps Bulgaria - routes, attractions and unique objects.

Морские курорты

Албена

Золотые пески

Солнечный берег

Св. Константин

Банско (Bansko)

Витоша (Vitosha)

Боровец (Borovets)

Пампорово (Pamporovo)