Independent tourism and recreation in the city of Freiberg

Historical information about the city of Freiberg

Freiberg is one of the most beautiful and historically significant cities of the federal state of Saxony. Its history dates back more than 850 years and is closely connected with the mining of silver, the development of mining, science and the economy of Germany. For many centuries Freiberg was one of the richest cities in Europe and played an important role in the formation of Saxony as one of the leading regions of the country.

The discovery of silver and the foundation of the city

The history of Freiberg began in the XII century. In 1168, rich deposits of silver ore were discovered in the Ore Mountains. This event was a real sensation for medieval Europe.

According to legend, the silver was found by peasants who worked in the forests near the modern city. News of the find quickly spread throughout Saxony and attracted thousands of miners, artisans and traders.

Soon the margrave of Saxony, Otto the Rich, ordered the founding of a new city to service the mines.

The name Freiberg comes from German words:

• Frei is free;

• Berg is a mountain.

It is associated with the provision of special freedoms and privileges for the development of deposits.

The Medieval Silver Center of Europe

Already in the XII-XIII centuries Freiberg became the largest center of silver mining in the Holy Roman Empire.

The city developed rapidly due to:

• mining of silver ore;

• trade in precious metals;

• development of crafts;

• support of the Saxon rulers.

Freiberg became so rich that he got the right to mint his own coins. Silver from the local mines provided a significant part of the income of the Saxon princes.

During this period, construction:

• urban fortifications;

• market area;

• grand churches;

• houses of rich merchants.

The rise of mining

In the XIV-XVI centuries, Freiberg experienced his golden age.

The silver mines of the Ore Mountains were considered among the richest in Europe.

The city is actively developing:

• metallurgy;

• mining engineering;

• engineering;

• hydraulic structures.

A complex system of canals, reservoirs and water wheels was created for the operation of mines, many elements of which have survived to this day.

It was here that the foundations of European mining science were formed.

Reformation and Religious Change

In the sixteenth century, Martin Luther’s ideas spread throughout Saxony.

Freiberg gradually converted to Lutheranism and became an important Protestant center of the region.

Despite religious changes, the economic importance of the city was preserved by the silver mines.

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War, Freiberg was repeatedly subjected to sieges and hostilities.

Although the city escaped complete destruction, like many other German cities of the time, the war severely affected the economy and population.

After the war, silver mining gradually recovered.

Freiberg Mining Academy

One of the most important events in the history of the city was the foundation in 1765 of the Freiberg Mining Academy.

It is the oldest operating mining university in the world.

The Academy quickly gained international fame and became a center for training specialists in the field of:

• geology;

• mining;

• metallurgy;

• mineralogy.

Students from many European countries studied here.

Alexander von Humboldt and Freiberg

The famous German scientist and traveler Alexander von Humboldt is associated with the Academy.

At the end of the eighteenth century, he studied at Freiberg and gained knowledge that later helped him become one of the world’s greatest explorers.

The industrial age

In the XIX century, Freiberg remained an important center of the mining industry.

The development of railways allowed:

• accelerate the transportation of ore;

• expand trade;

• modernize production.

The city gradually became not only an industrial, but also a scientific center of Germany.

First and Second World Wars

During both World Wars, Freiberg maintained industrial importance.

Unlike many major German cities, it suffered significantly less from Allied bombing.

Thanks to this, the historical center has preserved a significant part of medieval and Renaissance buildings.

GDR period

After 1945, Freiberg found himself in East Germany and became part of the German Democratic Republic.

The mining industry continued to operate, and the Mining Academy remained one of the most important technical universities in the country.

During this period, residential areas and industrial enterprises were actively built.

After the reunification of Germany

After the reunification of Germany, the city's economy changed.

Many of the old mines were closed, but Freiberg successfully refocused on:

• education;

• scientific research;

• high technology;

• tourism.

Great attention was paid to the preservation of historical heritage.

Freiberg today.

Today, Freiberg is considered one of the most beautiful historical cities in Saxony.

The town is famous:

• a well-preserved old centre;

• more than 800 years of mining traditions;

• Freiberg Mining Academy;

• silver past;

• unique mines and mountain museums.

In 2019, the mining region of the Ore Mountains, of which Freiberg is a part, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Today, the city attracts tourists with a combination of medieval architecture, rich history, scientific traditions and the atmosphere of an ancient Saxon city, where almost every street reminds of the silver era, which made Freiberg one of the most important cities in Central Europe.

What is interesting about the city of Freiberg

A real medieval town

The old center of Freiberg preserved the layout of the XII-XIII centuries. While walking around the city you can see:

• paved streets;

• old merchant houses;

• medieval gates;

• historical squares;

• beautifully preserved churches.

Unlike many German cities that suffered greatly during the Second World War, Freiberg has retained much of its historical appearance.

City of Silver and Mines

The main wealth of Freiberg for many centuries - silver.

For more than 800 years, precious metals were mined here, thanks to which the economy of Saxony and all of Germany developed. Today, tourists can experience this heritage in numerous museums and former mines.

Of particular interest are:

• ancient mining works;

• mine equipment;

• underground excursions;

• Mineral museums.

The entire mining region of the Ore Mountains is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Magnificent cathedral

The main architectural pearl of the city is considered St. Mary's Cathedral.

He's known:

• magnificent interior;

• ancient organs;

• rich decoration;

• unique works of art of the late Gothic era.

The cathedral is considered one of the most beautiful temples of Saxony.

City of Science and Education

Freiberg is known not only for silver, but also for science.

The Freiberg Mining Academy is the oldest operating mining university in the world.

For centuries, future geologists, engineers and researchers from all over the world studied here. Thanks to the university, the city has a young and vibrant atmosphere, despite its venerable age.

Gateway to the Ore Mountains

Freiberg is a great starting point for exploring the Ore Mountains.

From the city it is easy to reach:

• picturesque mountain villages;

• ancient mines;

• natural parks;

• ski resorts in winter.

Nature lovers will appreciate walking along forest trails and beautiful panoramic routes.

Cozy German squares and cafes

The central market square of Freiberg is considered one of the most beautiful in the region.

Here are located:

• historic town hall;

• old fountains;

• cafes and restaurants;

• seasonal fairs.

In summer, it is especially pleasant to sit on the open terraces and watch the life of the city.

Christmas atmosphere

In winter, Freiberg turns into a real Christmas town.

In the central square, a traditional fair opens, where you can try:

• German sweets;

• hot mulled wine;

• local delicacies;

• purchase products of Saxon masters.

The ore mountains are considered the birthplace of many German Christmas traditions, so the festive atmosphere here is especially bright.

Convenient location

Freiberg is just 35 kilometers from Dresden.

The city is easily accessible:

• by train;

• by car;

• on an intercity bus.

The trip from Dresden takes less than an hour.

 

In the city of Freiberg you will be met. private guides And they'll offer you a copy. individual tours

Levels of residence in the city of Freiberg

Hotels 4 stars

Suitable for comfortable rest, business trips and long stay.

Popular options:

• Hotel Freyhof is a modern hotel in a historic building near the city center.

• Hotel Alekto is one of the most famous hotels in the city with spacious rooms and a restaurant.

• Hotel Auberge Mistral is a comfortable hotel close to the university and the center.

Average cost:

• 90-180 euros per night.

Hotels 3 stars

The best option for most tourists.

Popular options:

• Hotel Kreller is located in the central market square.

• Hotel Am Obermarkt is a convenient location in the historic center.

• Hotel Maucksches Gut is a cozy family hotel in an old building.

Average cost:

• 70-120 euros per night.

Guesthouses and boarding houses

Small family hotels and boarding houses are popular in Freiberg.

Examples:

• Pension Hubertushof

• Pension Ferienhof Fischer

• Private guest houses in the historic center.

Cost:

• from 45 to 90 euros per night.

Apartments and apartments

A good option for families and independent travelers.

Advantages:

• own kitchen;

• More space;

• Possibility of staying for several days or weeks.

The following are widely represented in Freiberg:

• Ferienwohnung (tourist apartments)

• apartments in the old houses of the center;

• Modern apartments near the university.

Cost:

• from 60 to 140 euros per day.
  

Where to go and what to see in Freiberg

St. Mary's Cathedral (Freiberger Dom)

St. Mary's Cathedral is the main symbol of the city and one of the most beautiful temples of Saxony.

What to see:

• The famous Golden Door of the XIII century;

• Department of sculptor Hans Witten;

• the organ of Silberman of the XVIII century;

• The princely tomb of the Saxon rulers.

Transport accessibility:

• located in the historical center;

• 10-15 minutes walk from the railway station;

• It is easily accessible on foot from any central part of the city.

Market Square and Town Hall

Freiberg Market Square is the heart of the city.

Here are:

• historic town hall;

• old merchant houses;

• monuments to miners;

• Numerous cafes and restaurants.

Transport accessibility:

• city centre;

• A few minutes walk from the main hotels.

Freudenstein Castle

Freudenstein Castle was built in the XII century to protect silver mines.

Today, the castle houses:

• Museum of Mining History;

• The world’s largest private collection of minerals is Terra Mineralia.

Transport accessibility:

• It is located near the historical center;

• About 10 minutes walk from the station.

Terra Mineralia Museum

Terra Mineralia is considered one of the best mineralogical museums in Europe.

The exposition presents:

• gemstones;

• rare minerals;

• crystals from all over the world;

• Gold and silver ores.

Transport accessibility:

• located in the castle of Freudenstein;

• It is easily visited while walking in the center.

Freiberg Mining Academy

The Freiberg Mining Academy is the oldest operating mining university in the world, founded in 1765.

Interesting:

• Historic campus;

• university museums;

• scientific collections.

Transport accessibility:

• 15 minutes walk from downtown.

The Roje Tsehe Mining Mine

The Roihe Ceche mine allows you to see real underground mines and get acquainted with the history of silver mining.

Visitors are waiting:

• Underground tours;

• old mining equipment;

• Demonstration of mining technologies.

Transport accessibility:

• about 2 km from the center;

• You can get there by bus or on foot in 25-30 minutes.

City gates and fortress walls

Freiberg preserved fragments of medieval fortifications.

Of particular interest are:

• Donat Tower;

• Old city gates;

• sections of the fortress wall.

Transport accessibility:

• are located around the historical center;

• available during a walking tour.

Lake Groshartmansdorf

Lake Groschartmansdorf is close to the city and is popular among nature lovers.

Here you can:

• walk along the shore;

• cycling;

• relax in nature.

Transport accessibility:

• about 15 km from Freiberg;

• It is more convenient to travel by car or bus.

Ore Mountains

Ore Mountains begin only a few kilometers from the city.

Tourists are attracted by:

• ancient mining settlements;

• mountain routes;

• observation decks;

• Christmas markets in winter.

Transport accessibility:

• suburban trains and buses;

• Road routes throughout the region.

Events and entertainment in Freiberg

Spring (March-May)

Spring fairs

With the arrival of heat, seasonal fairs with craftsmen, local products and souvenirs open on the Market Square.

Student festivals

Thanks to the Freiberg Mining Academy, student concerts, cultural events and popular science holidays are regularly held in the city.

Easter events

Before Easter, thematic fairs, church music concerts and family programs are organized in the city center.

Summer (June-August)

Miners' Mountain Parade (Bergparade)

One of the most famous events of the city.

Participants in traditional mining uniforms pass through the streets of Freiberg, recalling the centuries-old history of silver mining.

Mining Festival (Bergstadtfest)

The main city holiday, which annually attracts thousands of guests.

In the program:

• concerts;

• historical reconstructions;

• fairs;

• performances of creative teams;

• festive processions.

Open-air concerts

In summer, musical groups, jazz evenings and classical concerts are held in squares and parks.

Autumn (September-November)

Day of German Unity

On October 3, festive events, concerts and exhibitions are held throughout Germany.

Autumn fairs

The city centre hosts gastronomic festivals, farmers' markets and harvest festivals.

Cultural weeks

Museums and theaters organize special exhibitions, lectures and music programs.

Winter (December – February)

Freiberg Christmas market

One of the most famous winter events in the region.

Guests are waiting:

• festive illumination;

• products of Saxon masters;

• traditional sweets;

• Christmas music;

• hot mulled wine.

Miner's Christmas parade

A unique tradition of the Ore Mountains.

Through the streets are miners in historical form with lanterns and musical orchestras.

New Year's concerts

In churches and concert halls there are performances of organ, classical and choral music.

What weather is suitable for traveling to the city of Freiberg

Spring (March-May)

Spring comes gradually. Already in April, city parks and surrounding forests begin to turn green.

Average air temperature:

• March: +3... +9 °C;

• April: +7... +15 °C;

• May: +12... +20°C.

Water temperature in the lakes of the region:

• from +6 °C to +15 °C.

Spring is considered a great time for walks in the historical center and trips to the Ore Mountains.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Freiberg is warm, but usually without extreme heat.

Average air temperature:

• +20... +26 °C;

• on hot days up to +30 °C.

Water temperature in local water bodies:

• +18... +22°C.

In summer, the main city festivals, concerts and the famous Bergstadtfest festival are held.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn is long and picturesque, especially in the surrounding forests of the Ore Mountains.

Average air temperature:

• September: +14... +21 °C;

• October: +8... +15 °C;

• November: +2...+8 °C.

Water temperature:

• from +18 °C in September to +7 °C in November.

Autumn is good for excursions and photo trips.

Winter (December – February)

Winters are cooler and snowier than most cities in central Germany.

Average air temperature:

• day: -1 ... +4 °C;

• at night: -5...0 °C.

Water temperature:

• about +1 ... +4 °C.

Snow falls regularly, especially in the vicinity of the Ore Mountains, creating a beautiful winter atmosphere.

What traditions and customs should be observed in the city of Freiberg

Language of communication

Official language:

• German.

In Freiberg you can also find people who speak English, especially:

• in hotels;

• museums;

• tourist centers;

• university.

However, in small cafes, shops and outside tourist destinations, German is used much more often.

The most common local dialect is Saxon, which differs in pronunciation from literary German.

Features of communication

Freiberg residents usually:

• polite and friendly;

• value punctuality;

• respect personal space;

• They prefer a calm and respectful style of communication.

When entering a store, restaurant or hotel, it is customary to say hello.

Traditions and customs

Mining traditions

Freiberg has been associated with silver mining and mining for more than 850 years.

The locals are particularly proud:

• history of mines;

• mountain parades;

• mining uniforms;

• professional traditions of miners.

During the holidays, you can see residents in traditional mining costumes.

Punctuality

In Germany, it is customary to come on time for meetings, excursions, trains and events.

Even a small delay is considered undesirable.

Careful attitude to historical heritage

Freiberg is a historical mining region included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Tourists are advised to:

• Do not damage monuments;

• observe the rules of museums;

• Respect for historical sites.

Ecological culture

People take environmental issues seriously.

Separate waste collection is organized in many places:

• paper;

• glass;

• plastics;

• household garbage.

Laws and regulations

Documents

While traveling, it is recommended to carry:

• passport;

• visa or residence documents (if necessary);

• health insurance.

Traffic rules

Pedestrians should:

• cross the street only at a green traffic light;

• Don't walk on bicycle paths.

A fine may be issued for violation.

Smoking

Smoking is prohibited:

• in public transport;

• in most public buildings;

• In many restaurants and cafes.

Special areas are provided for smokers.

Alcohol

Alcohol consumption is permitted, however:

• It is forbidden to disturb public order;

• Aggressive behavior can result in fines or police intervention.

Peace and quiet

There is a tradition of silence in Germany.

It is especially important to avoid noise:

• late at night;

• at night;

• Sundays and holidays.

Tipping

In restaurants, cafes and taxis usually leave tips:

• about 5-10% of the account amount;

• Or just round the amount upwards.
  

Popular phrases and dialogues with translation for a trip to Freiberg

Greetings and polite words

Guten Morgen - Good morning

Guten Tag (Guten Tag) Good day

Guten Abend - Good evening

Hello, hello, hello.

Auf Wiedersehen Auf Wiedersehen Goodbye

Tschüss (chuss) Bye.

Danke (dank) Thank you.

Vielen Dank - Thank you very much

Bitte (bitte) Please

Entschuldigung (entschuldigung) Sorry

Useful phrases for tourists

Sprechen Sie Englisch? Do you speak English?

Ich spreche kein Deutsch. I don't speak German.

Können Sie mir helfen? can you help me?

Ich verstehe nicht. I don't understand.

Bitte sprechen Sie langsamer, please speak more slowly.

At the hotel.

Ich habe eine Reservierung. (their hub aine reserve) I have a reservation.

Auf welchen Namen? What name?

Wo ist mein Zimmer? Where's my number?

Gibt es WLAN? Is there Wi-Fi?

Wann ist das Frühstück? What time is breakfast?

Kann ich später auschecken? ) Can I leave late?

At the restaurant.

Die Speisekarte, bitte, please.

Ich möchte bestellen. I would like to order.

Was empfehlen Sie? What do you recommend?

Ein Wasser, bitte. Water, please.

Ein Kaffee, bitte. Coffee, please.

Die Rechnung, bitte.

In the store.

Wie viel kostet das? ) How much does it cost?

Kann ich mit Karte bezahlen? ) Can I pay with a card?

Haben Sie Souvenirs aus Freiberg? Do you have any souvenirs from Freiberg?

Ich nehme das. I take it.

Station and transport

Wo ist der Bahnhof? Where's the station?

Wann fährt der Zug nach Dresden? ) When does the train leave for Dresden?

Wo ist die Bushaltestelle? Where's the bus stop?

Ein Ticket, bitte. One ticket, please.

Ist dieser Platz frei? ) Is this seat free?

In the museum or on excursions

Wo beginnt die Führung? ) Where does the tour begin?

Gibt es einen Audioguide auf Russisch? ) Is there an audio guide in Russian?

Darf man fotografieren? ) Can I take pictures?

What to try and what souvenirs and gifts to bring from the city of Freiberg

Local food and drink

Saxon gingerbread and pastries

The region is famous for traditional pastries:

• Christmas Stollen (Stollen)

• gingerbread;

• almond biscuits;

• marzipan sweets.

Products from neighboring Dresden are especially appreciated, which are also sold in Freiberg.

German sausages

Popular gastronomic souvenir:

• Cheese-smoked sausages;

• hunting sausages;

• salami

• traditional Saxon meat products.

Most are sold in vacuum packaging and suitable for transportation.

Cheese and delicacies

In local markets, you can purchase:

• farm cheeses;

• smoked cheeses;

• pate

• Traditional German sauces and condiments.

German beer

It's popular in Saxony:

• light lagers;

• wheat beer;

• craft varieties;

• regional beer brands.

Mustard and sauces

German mustard is considered one of the most popular edible souvenirs.

You can find:

• sharp;

• sweet;

• with herbs;

• with honey.

Useful remedies

Herbal teas

In Germany, a large selection of natural herbal collections:

• chamomile

• mint

• Melissa?

• sage

• Soothing teas.

German pharmacy cosmetics

Tourists often buy:

• face creams;

• therapeutic ointments;

• products for sensitive skin;

• Shampoos and balms.

German pharmacy products are known for high quality.

Vitamins and minerals

Popular:

• magnesium

• vitamin D;

• omega-3;

• joint complexes;

• multivitamins.

Souvenirs from Freiberg

Products with symbols of the silver city

The most popular souvenirs:

• magnets;

• postcards;

• cups;

• keychains;

• decorative plates.

They often depict:

• St. Mary's Cathedral;

• Freudenstein Castle;

• old mines.

Minerals and stones

Freiberg is considered one of the centers of mineralogy in Europe.

Here you can purchase:

• quartz

• amethyst;

• agate

• pyrite

• Collectible minerals from the Ore Mountains.

This is one of the most characteristic souvenirs of the city.

Silver jewelry

Since the history of the city is associated with the mining of silver, souvenir shops sell:

• rings;

• suspensions;

• earrings;

• commemorative coins.

Mining souvenirs

Very popular products related to mining:

• miners' figures;

• miniature lanterns;

• mine models;

• decorative helmets.

Rest safety and availability of travel documents to Freiberg

General security

During rest it is recommended:

• Keep documents and money in a safe place;

• monitor personal belongings at train stations and trains;

• use official taxis;

• comply with traffic rules;

• Have copies of important documents in electronic form.

The historic city centre, tourist sites and areas near the university are safe both day and evening.

What documents do tourists need?

Visiting Germany usually requires:

• foreign passport;

• Schengen visa (if required by citizens of your country);

• confirmation of accommodation reservation;

• return ticket;

• health insurance.

During the trip, it is recommended to always carry a passport or a copy of it.

Health insurance

Insurance is required to obtain a Schengen visa.

Recommended coverage:

• at least EUR 30,000;

• emergency medical care;

• hospitalization;

• transportation to the home country;

• accidents.

Even with visa-free travel, health insurance is highly recommended as treatment in Germany is expensive.

Emergency services phones

Uniform numbers throughout Germany:

• 112 – ambulance and fire service;

• 110, police.

Both rooms work around the clock and for free.

Medical assistance

The city operates:

• city clinics;

• Private medical centers;

• Pharmacies (Apotheke).

In case of emergency, call 112.

Mobile and Internet

The main operators of Germany:

• Telekom Deutschland

• Vodafone Germany

• O2 Germany

• 1&1 Mobilfun k

In Freiberg, 4G and 5G networks are stable.

Free Wi-Fi can be found:

• in hotels;

• cafes and restaurants;

• some public places;

• at the train station.

How many tourists can stay in Germany without leaving

Germany is part of the Schengen area.

For most tourists, there is a rule:

• 90 days within any 180 days on a Schengen visa or visa-free regime.

All Schengen countries are counted simultaneously.

A longer stay will require:

• national visa;

• temporary residence permit;

• residence permit.