Guglielmo Marconi's birthday
Description:
He was born on April 25, 1874 in Bologna. The second son is Giuseppe Marconi, an Italian gentleman, and Irish Annie Jameson. He was home-educated with Professor Vincenzo Rosa of Livorno, as he did not show much interest in the disciplines in technical school (except physics, in which he had high hopes).
At the age of 20, he began to experiment in the attic of his father’s villa, he was inspired by the discoveries made by J. Maxwell, G. Hertz and others. After some time, the experiments led Guglielmo to create wireless communication, initially for a very short distance (only within the attic), then further and further. During the winter of 1894 he devoted himself to experiments, often forgetting about food and rest.
In the spring of 1895, the research center moved from the attic to the garden of the villa. Having improved the instruments created by other inventors, Marconi carried out the transmission of signals over a distance of more than 2400 m (when the initial distance was 40 cm). In late September, the waves were able to overcome such an obstacle as a hill. It was an important day for history. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio.
He tried to offer his invention to the Ministry of Post and Telegraph in his country, but as often happens, did not receive support, and in 1896 went to England, where he was interested in his devices, the Post Office and the Admiralty, the inventions were considered useful and necessary, and at the disposal of Marconi were given whole laboratories so that he could continue his experiments.
In the same year, Guglielmo received a patent "for improvements in the transmission of electrical impulses and signals and in appropriate apparatus."
Marconi hosts numerous conferences, invites scholars, journalists, ministers and even the king! Very soon Marconi becomes popular, a man from the cover, he is loved and known by everyone around the world, he is appreciated for his contribution to science, for the fact that his inventions he serves humanity.
In 1898 he carried out radio communication across the English Channel, and in 1901 – across the Atlantic Ocean: signals were transmitted from a station on the Cornwall Peninsula (England), and received in St. John’s on the island of Newfoundland (Canada). This first transatlantic radio session refuted the claims of some skeptic physicists that radio waves, due to the curvature of the Earth’s surface, would travel no more than 300 km.
Marconi patented other devices for radio communication: magnetic detector, antenna and spark device for generating radio waves.
Marconi founded his first company, the Wyrless Telegraph and Signal Company in England in 1897; in 1900 it was transformed into the Marconi Airless Telegraph Company.
In 1912, the Marconi radio network included such countries as Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, China, France, French Guiana, Germany, India, Japan, Jamaica, Mexico, Zanzibar, 4 stations were in the Pacific Ocean and 13 in Italy.
Marconi was awarded many honors. In 1909, at the age of 35, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics (together with the German physicist F. Brown, who perfected his inventions) for his contribution to the development of wireless telegraphy. In the same year, the King of Italy appointed Marconi a member of the Senate, and in 1929 he was granted the title of Marquis. In 1930 he was elected president of the Royal Italian Academy.
The last years of his life he devoted to Italy, where he studied the medical application of electromagnetic waves (Marconitherapy).
Marconi died in Rome on July 20, 1937.
The day after his death, at a certain time, all existing radio stations interrupted their broadcast for 2 minutes in memory of a man whose mind and ingenuity were able to connect the whole world and cancel the distances between continents.
The holiday was abolished as a state holiday after World War 2.