State Language Day in Kyrgyzstan
Description:
Kyrgyz alphabet
The state language of Kyrgyzstan is Kyrgyz.
In 2009, it is 20 years since on this day in 1989 the Supreme Council of the Kyrgyz SSR unanimously adopted the Law “On the State Language of the Kyrgyz SSR”, which fixed the status of the state language for the Kyrgyz language.
The law of the Kyrgyz SSR of September 23, 1989 "On the state language of the Kyrgyz SSR" recognized that:
The Kyrgyz SSR ensures the free development of languages of other nationalities living in the republic.
In the Kyrgyz SSR, every citizen has the right to freely choose the language of communication.
Article 16 of this law provided that local state authorities and administration in the territory of compact residence of national groups (Uzbeks, Tajiks, Germans, Dungans, Uighurs and others) along with the state language have the right to use their native language. Persons who do not speak these languages are provided with appropriate translation.
The adoption of the Law “On the State Language of the Kyrgyz SSR” of September 23, 1989 made a great contribution to the further development of the Kyrgyz language, contributed to raising the national identity of the Kyrgyz people, increasing the prestige of the state language.
On April 2, 2004, the Legislative Assembly of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic adopted a new law, the old law ceased to be valid.
The Kyrgyz language is the language of the Kyrgyz-Kipchak subgroup, by another definition - the Eastern Khun branch of the Turkic languages. Of about 4 million people, about 2.5 million live in Kyrgyzstan, the rest live compactly in China, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
There are three dialects in the Kyrgyz language: northern (the main base of the modern literary language), southeastern and southwestern.
There are three periods in the history of the Kyrgyz language: the Old Kyrgyz (VIII-IX centuries), the Middle Kyrgyz (X-XV centuries) and the Novokyrgyz (from the XV century). Within the framework of the latter, four stages are distinguished: from the XV to the middle of the XVIII century, when the Kyrgyz tribes, being in the south of Kyrgyzstan, maintained close ties with each other (the Arab-Persians of this era are distinguished by a homogeneous adaptation); from the middle of the XVIII century to the Great October Revolution, when dialectal differences deepened; Soviet, when a single national language of the Kyrgyz was formed with the consolidation of the nation; the post-Soviet period, the determining trend of which is the rapid development of the national language on a national basis with the simultaneous mass borrowing of vocabulary from English and other Western languages.
The Kyrgyz language has deep and rich folk-poetic traditions, its history is associated with the local ancient Turkic and ancient Kyrgyz runic and written monuments of the East Turkic version of the Turkic. With the victory of the Yenisei Kyrgyz over the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, the beginning of the formation of the colossal Kyrgyz epic “Manas” is associated, for the full implementation of which it would take 6 months. The name of the protagonist of the epic is associated with the mausoleum of Manas (14th century) on the Talas River. In addition to him, datans were created in the Kyrgyz language – folk poems “Kedeihan”, “Kurmanbek”, “Yer Toshtyuk”, “Janysh-Baish”, “Yer Tabylds”, “Sarynja and Bokoi”, “Oljobai and Kishimjan” and others.
Written literary tradition is based on the works of the akyns Kaligul and Arystanbek (XIX century), Toktogul Satylganov (1864-1933), Baimbet Abdrakhmanov – Togolok Moldo (1860-1942) and their followers.
The foundations of Kyrgyz linguistics were laid by outstanding Turkologists Igor Batmanov (1906-1969) and Konstantin Yudakhin (1890-1975).