Dawn sea Alushta

Alushta (Alushta, Crimean Tat. Aluşta, Alushta) is a resort town on the southern coast of the Crimea. It forms the city district of Alushta of the Republic of Crimea of the Russian Federation (Alushta City Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine), the so-called Big Alushta. Alushta resort has 2 passes (Kebit-Bogaz and Angarsky Pass), thanks to which air masses are constantly moving from the plains of the peninsula to the sea and back. In this regard, the climate is characterized by hot summers and mild winters, as well as comparative dryness, most of the precipitation falls from October to February.

The average temperature of the coldest month - February - +2.9 ° C, and the warmest month - July - +23.8 ° C. The total duration of sunshine is 2321 hours per year. The water temperature even in the coldest period does not fall below +8 ° C. The swimming season is from May to October. During these months, the average water temperature is +17.5 °C. The warmest sea occurs in July-September, when the temperature reaches +22-25 ° C. In summer, storms are rare and short-lived. The abundance of sun, fresh air, warm sea and picturesque mountains are important components that make Alushta a wonderful climatic resort. The famous doctor Botkin wrote: “Alushta is healthier than Yalta, there during the summer heat the air is continuously renewed by thrust through the mountain passages on the sides of Chatyr-Dag.” Alushta, according to one version, comes from the Greek αλυσίδα [alusida], i.e. chain.

Monument to the participants of the Great Patriotic War. Photo from the window of the intercity trolleybus route 52, 2012

Aluston Fortress was built by order of Emperor Justinian I in the VI century. During the Middle Ages, Alusta was a significant coastal stronghold for all states that owned the southern coast of the Crimea: the Roman (Byzantine) Empire, the Khazar Khaganate, the Principality of Feodoro. During the reign of the Genoese, Alusta was one of the fortified points of the captaincy of Gothia (the so-called part of the Genoese possessions in the Crimea, which stretched west to Fori). The fortress became an apple of discord between the Genoese and the principality of Feodoro, since, along with Yalta and Gurzuf, it had a pier equipped with Byzantines. The Italians called the city Lusta. Only two towers of the medieval fortress remain. After the conquest of the southern coast of the Crimea by the Ottomans, Alushta was part of the Sudak Kadylyk. It lost its naval importance, becoming, like Yalta and Gurzuf, an ordinary seaside village. Nevertheless, at the climax of the inflamed struggle for the Crimea between Russia and Turkey, Alushta became the site of the landing of the Turkish army, aimed at ousting Russian troops from the peninsula. The backbone of this landing was broken by the operational corps of V.P. Musin-Pushkin near the village of Shuma north of Alushta. At the same time, he distinguished himself, but was seriously wounded Lieutenant Colonel M. I. Kutuzov, who commanded the grenadier battalion of the Moscow Legion that inflicted the main blow. After the entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire and the formation of the Tauride province, Alushta became the center of the volost of Simferopol and then Yalta districts. In the late XIX - early XX century, Alushta began to gain popularity as a resort and in 1902 received the status of a city. At the same time, the resort suburb of Alushta began to develop, which is now part of the city and is called the Professor's Corner. Initially, the area was called Tarnak or Ternak (Crimean tırnaq - nail), then it was called Professor's Corner, then Work Corner (since 1920), and finally again Professor's Corner. The city was severely damaged by the German occupation, which lasted from November 4, 1941 to April 15, 1944. More than 500 residents of Alushta died at the hands of the invaders, 231 people were taken to work in Germany. The city was even more depopulated after the deportation of the Crimean Tatars on May 18, 1944. In Alushta there are monuments dedicated to military events. In the postwar years, Alushta developed as a seaside resort, many new boarding houses and holiday homes were built. In the vicinity, Soviet films “Caucasian Prisoner”, “Hearts of Three”, “Ships Storm Bastions” and others were shot. In Alushta there is a plant of reinforced concrete structures, a dairy plant. Also in the city there is a winery of the State Enterprise "Alushta", which is part of the GC of NPAO "Massandra", which produces more than 20 popular wine brands. The industry is serving in nature, the main incomes of citizens and residents of other regions of the Crimea who come to work in the summer are associated with tourists who come to Alushta not only for recreation, but also for treatment in local sanatoriums.

There is a state forestry, state hunting economy. On the territory of the city there is the Crimean mountain and forest research station of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry. On the territory of Alushta there are 13 educational institutions: general education, music and art schools, vocational training, consulting centers of national universities of the country. Medical care is provided by a city hospital with 7 departments, 3 polyclinics, in particular dentures, and women's consultations. There are 3 libraries and 2 cinemas. (PTU was renamed a branch of the Crimean republican vocational educational institution "Simferopol Higher Professional School of Restaurant Service and Tourism")