Ples

Ples

Ples is a city in the Ivanovo region of Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, cutting through...

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Oh. Ples

Ples is a city in the Ivanovo region of Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, cutting through the Rostov-Plessky moraine ridge, forming the Plessky Gate, 38 km from the Furmanov railway station, 71 km northeast of Ivanovo. The population is 1,732 (2020).
 
Ples is part of the Golden Ring of Russia and is a climatic resort.
 
Ples was founded by Prince Vasily I of Moscow in 1410 to protect the approaches to Moscow and Kostroma. At the mouth of the Shokhonka River, a wooden fortress was built, which existed until the end of the 17th century. From the fortress, a straight section of the river - ples - was clearly visible. The city was first mentioned in the Sunday Chronicle.

Ples stands on the Rostov-Plessk moraine ridge, divided into two parts: the upper - mountain and lower - submountain. The upper part is called the Trinity, the lower - the Embankment. In 1551, in Ples by order of Ivan IV, an army was formed for a campaign on Kazan. In 1612, Plesian carpenters helped the militia of Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky to cross the Volga. In the 17-18 centuries, Ples developed as a shopping center, supplier of linen and canvas. Since 1778 it has been a county town.

At the end of the 19th century, Ples and its surroundings turned into a favorite vacation spot for the Russian intelligentsia. In 1888-1889, I. I. Levitan lived in Ples. Here they painted paintings: "Evening. Golden Ples," "After the Rain." Ples", "Fresh Wind", "Above Eternal Peace", "Evening Ring", "Birch Grove", "Golden Autumn". The Levitan Museum is located in Solodovnikov’s house. The city and its surroundings were captured on their canvases by V.V. Vereshchagin, A.V. Makovskaya, G.K. Savitsky.

Ples preserved the urban layout that developed in the 17th - first half of the 18th century. The streets are parallel to the river. In the old part of the city there are preserved the rampart and the surrounding moat, built in 1410. The high bank is cut through by numerous ravines, dividing it into separate mountains. The mountain on which the wooden fortress of the city of Ples stood was called Cathedral. It was later renamed Mount Liberty. Here in 1699 the Assumption Cathedral was built - the oldest building of Ples. The cathedral was built on the site of a wooden church burned down in 1695 and presents its almost exact copy, made in stone. The temple is depicted in the paintings of I. I. Levitan “Quiet Abode” and “Evening Ring”. To celebrate the five-centenary of the city in 1910, a monument was erected on the Cathedral Hill to its founder - Prince Vasily I Dmitrievich.

The Market Square, which has preserved 19th-century buildings, is dominated by the Resurrection Church, built in 1817 to commemorate the victory over Napoleon. There are also low-rise buildings of the trading rows of the mid-19th century. On the Peter and Paul Mount (Mount of Levitan) there is the Peter and Paul Church erected in 1841, next to which there was a chapel (1561), depicted in the painting by I. I. Levitan “Above Eternal Rest”. On the territory of the Trinity Sloboda there is an ensemble of the summer (1808) and winter (1828) Trinity Church.

In the eastern part of the city is the Varvarinsky Church, built in the style of classicism, and a multi-tiered bell tower, consecrated in 1821. In the style of late classicism was built and the Transfiguration Church (1849), located above the river on the site of an ancient monastery. Civil architectural monuments include the building of the fire department of the second half of the 19th century, residential buildings (the houses of Moiseev, Podgorny, Smirnov), Pavlov's house in the Art Nouveau style of the early 20th century.

The Plessky Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve includes the house-museum of I. I. Levitan (the exposition presents the works of Russian artists I. I. Levitan, A. K. Savrasov, V. D. Polenov, I. I. Shishkin); the Museum of Landscape (the museum presents the works of I. I. Shishkin, A. K. Savrasov, R. G. Sutkovsky); the exhibition "Laquo miniature of Palekh and Holui" (the objects of decorative art of the Palekh, Ivan Ples, masters).

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