Museum-panorama - Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855.

Panorama “Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855” is a world-famous work of battle painting and a monumental monument to the heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol during the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856. This war between Russia and a coalition of states - Britain, France, Turkey, the Kingdom of Sardinia - was the result of a political and economic struggle for the redistribution of spheres of influence in Europe, the Middle East and the Middle East. The war ended with the defeat of Russia. But the 349-day defense of the main sea fortress of the Black Sea of Sevastopol with courage and perseverance delighted the whole world. The feats of defense heroes are immortalized in numerous monuments. The best one is Panorama. It was created for the 50th anniversary of the defense. The author of Panorama is an outstanding battle painter, the founder of the Russian school of panoramic art Franz Alekseevich Roubaud (1856-1928). Work on the Panorama was carried out during 1901-1904 in Munich. The author was helped to create an art canvas and a subject plan by artists: K. Frosch, L. Shenchen, O. Merte and 20 students of the Bavarian Academy of Arts. In Sevastopol, on Historical Boulevard, a building was built for the Panorama according to the project of a military engineer, Lieutenant Colonel F. -O. I. Enberg, with the participation of architect and artist V. A. Feldman. The dimensions of the Panorama: a picturesque canvas - 14x115 meters, the area of the subject plan - about 1000 square meters. In 1905, on May 14 (27), the Panorama was opened, in 1909-1911 it was exhibited in St. Petersburg. On June 25, 1942, during the Great Patriotic War, the Panorama building caught fire during the Nazi air raid and artillery shelling. Defenders of the city, saving a burning art canvas, cut it into pieces. 86 fragments were saved - this is 2/3 of the picture. On the leader of the destroyers "Tashkent" they were taken to Novorossiysk, the final point of transportation - Novosibirsk. In the postwar years, it was decided to restore the panorama. Academics of painting and experienced restorers analyzed the state of the fragments of the panorama and decided to restore them to create a new painting on their basis. Academician of painting Vasily Nikolaevich Yakovlev (1893-1953), Professor Pavel Petrovich Sokolov-Skalya (1899-1961) and 17 Moscow artists worked on the reconstruction of the panorama in 1951-1954. According to the project of the Sevastopol architect V.P. Petropavlovsky (1918-2000), the panorama building was restored and reconstructed using modern equipment. To the 100th anniversary of the heroic defense of 1854-1855, Panorama was reopened on October 16, 1954. For half a century after her second birth, about 36 million people met her. Panorama tells about one of the 349 days of defense - June 6 (18), 1855. On this day, the defenders of Sevastopol successfully repelled the assault on the fortifications of the Shipside and Malakhovy Kurgan by the allied troops.