Veliky Novgorod

The same Dobrynya.

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Since childhood, we all know the epic hero Dobryn Nikitich, depicted in the famous painting by Vasnetsov. But not everyone knows that this epic hero had a very real prototype, which left a noticeable mark in the early Novgorod history.
Dobrynya was the uncle of the future grand prince of Kiev and the first-baptist of Russia Vladimir Svyatoslavich. His sister Malusha Lyubechanka was a slave of Princess Olga and a concubine, that is, the mistress of Prince Svyatoslav. After the birth of Vladimir Dobryn became the tutor of his nephew and his guardian.
When the Novgorodians came to Kiev to ask Svyatoslav for a prince, it was Dobrynya who advised them to ask Vladimir. The council was truly wise. Vladimir will owe his further elevation primarily to Novgorod. Since Vladimir was only ten years old at that time, Dobrynya practically ruled the city all this time.
The following chronicle mention of Dobryn is associated with the matchmaking of Vladimir to the Polotsk princess Rogneda. The proud princess scornfully refused Vladimir, reminding him that he was the son of a slave. Thus, she humiliated not only Vladimir, but also Dobrynya, who was a slave Malusha’s brother. An angry Dobrynya convinced his nephew to attack Polotsk and take Rogneda by force. Then, at the head of the Novgorod army, Vladimir and Dobrynya captured Kiev. Having become a Grand Duke, Vladimir sent Dobryn as a posadnik to Novgorod.
At that time Vladimir was still a zealous pagan, and by his order Dobryn installed on the bank of the Volkhov idol Perun. This place called Peryn is well known to Novgorodians. Ritual bonfires burned around him, pagan sacrifices were immediately offered.
Remaining a Novgorod posadnik, Dobrynya as a voivode participated in numerous military campaigns of the Kiev prince, while showing the talent of an outstanding commander.
The following mention of Dobryn is associated with the baptism of Novgorod.
In 988, Prince Vladimir converted to Christianity and baptized Kiev. But if in the south of Russia, thanks to its proximity to Byzantium, Christianity has already taken root, then in remote Novgorod the new faith has not yet managed to penetrate into the popular consciousness. A long, patient sermon was required, but the Kiev authorities preferred persuasion to force. In Novgorod, an army led by Dobrynya and a thousand Putyata was sent.
Upon learning of this, the Novgorodians gathered the veche and decided not to betray their gods. The city was fortified, the bridge was dismantled, stone-throwing guns were exhibited on the shore. Undecided to make a direct clash, the Kievans deceived several instigators of the resistance. This infuriated the Novgorodians. The people ravaged the first Christian church of the Transfiguration, robbed the houses of the first Novgorod Christians. About five thousand citizens entered into a cruel battle with the Kiev army. Then Dobrynya under the cover of night crossed over to the Sofia side and lit houses on the shore. The fire in the wooden city was a terrible disaster. Many rushed to extinguish their homes, others asked for peace.
The gods were destroyed, burned and drowned. Perun's idol was thrown into the Volkhov. There is a legend that an angry pagan god, sailing under the city bridge, threw a cage at him with the words: “Sim make fun, children of Novgorod” and since then Novgorodians gather on the bridge and begin to fight like mad. Indeed, the bridge for many centuries became a place of clarification of relations between the residents of the Sofia and Trade side, as well as a kind of Lobny place where executions were carried out. Neighbors for a long time remembered the Novgorodians about how Putyata baptized them with the sword, and Dobrynya with fire. And yet, despite this episode, Dobrynya enjoyed great respect in Novgorod. In the Novgorod epics, he appears as a brave voivode and wise adviser to the prince.
In the popular cartoon "Three heroes" Dobryn - perhaps the most striking character. He is strong, wise, loves to sleep and in the whole world is afraid only of his wife Nastasya Filippovna. In a word, a real Russian man - seemingly formidable, but kind in soul.
The name of Dobryny is one of the oldest Novgorod streets, which leads to the Tithe Monastery. This street has been renamed three times. In the 19th century it became known as Alexandrovskaya in honor of Emperor Alexander I. In 1919, it was renamed Sverdlov Street, and in 1991 it was again given its historical name.
In ancient times, this quarter was considered aristocratic. In recent years, apparently, in continuation of this tradition, it also began to build up elite mansions. By the way, there were conflicts. New construction began without preliminary excavations, but our archaeologists managed to stop the work that had already begun. Subsequently, interesting finds were discovered here and, among others, the oldest underground prison in Russia.

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