Independent tourism and recreation in the city of Damascus

 

History of the emergence of the city of Damascus

Damascus is the capital of Syria and one of the oldest cities in the world. Its history goes back thousands of years and it is a testament to many cultural, religious and political events.

1. Ancient origins: Damascus is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, and its history dates back more than 4 thousand years. In antiquity, it was part of various empires such as Aramaic, Persian, Greek and Roman.
2. Roman era: During Roman rule, Damascus became an important commercial and cultural center. The city was part of the Roman province of Syria, and during this time many famous structures were built, including the ancient part of the city, which has survived to the present day.
3. Islamic domination: In the 7th century, Damascus was captured by Arab conquerors led by Khalid ibn al-Walid during the Islamic conquest. This period led to the spread of Islam and became an important moment in the history of the city.
4. The Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire: In the following centuries, Damascus passed from the hands of many rulers, including the Mamluks and Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire ruled the city for a long time, contributing to the architecture and structure of Damascus.
5. After World War I, Damascus became part of the French Mandate in Syria. This period also influenced urban life and architecture.
6. Syria gained independence in 1946 and Damascus became its capital. The city continued to develop, becoming an important political and cultural center of the region.
7. Civil war: Damascus has faced serious challenges in recent decades due to the Syrian civil war that began in 2011. The city was caught in the middle of the conflict and its infrastructure, cultural monuments and society were badly damaged.

The city of Damascus, despite the difficulties, continues to be an important historical and cultural center of Syria, retaining its rich and multi-layered character. It attracts tourists with its architecture, historical monuments and unique atmosphere, despite the challenges facing the modern world.

 

 

What is interesting about the city of Damascus

Damascus is a city with a rich history, with a unique combination of antiquity and modernity. If you are looking for an exciting journey, then Damascus will provide you with an amazing experience, rich in cultural attractions, magnificent architecture and hospitality of its inhabitants.

1. Historical wealth: Damascus is one of the oldest cities in the world, and its history dates back more than 4 thousand years. Travelers can immerse themselves in the atmosphere of antiquity, strolling through the narrow streets of the old city and visiting historical monuments such as St. John Damascus Temple and Amin Mosque.
2. Architectural masterpieces: Damascus is famous for its amazing architecture, represented by majestic medieval palaces, mosques and ancient houses. Explore the Damascus Citadel, which towers above the city to enjoy the spectacular views and explore the rich history of the place.
3. Bazaars and markets: One of the insurmountable aspects of Damascus is its traditional markets such as Suki al-Hamidia and Suki al-Bazar. Here you can immerse yourself in the world of Arab trade, enjoy the aromas of spices, paints and handmade.
4. Culinary delights: Syrian cuisine is a real gourmet paradise. In Damascus, you can taste a wealth of flavors and aromas, including exquisite dishes such as manakish, hummus, fallujah and, of course, Arabic coffee.
5. Hospitality of the local population: Residents of Damascus are known for their warm and welcoming attitude to visitors. The hospitality of Syrians makes staying in the city even more enjoyable and memorable.
6. Intriguing modernity: Damascus does not stand still, and modern aspects of the city may also be of interest to tourists. Modern restaurants, cafes and shops offer new experiences, complementing the city’s ancient character.
7. Proximity to historical sites: Damascus is relatively close to other cultural and historical sites in Syria, such as Palmyra and Bosra, making it an excellent starting point for wider exploration of the region.

With a truly unique combination of historical heritage, cultural riches and hospitality, Damascus is an incredible journey for those seeking to enrich their experience and enjoy the unique charm of the East.

 

Levels of residence in the city of Damascus

The city of Damascus offers a variety of accommodation options ranging from world-class luxury hotels to more budget-friendly options such as hostels and apartments. Here is an overview of the different levels of hotels and other ways to stay:

1. Luxury hotels:

• Four Seasons Hotel Damascus: Luxury hotel with a high level of service, luxurious rooms and beautiful views. Located in the city center, it provides access to the main attractions.
• Sheraton Damascus Hotel: Another upscale hotel with a wide range of amenities including spa, restaurants and conference rooms.

2. Average hotel levels:

• Omayad Hotel: Cozy hotel with modern amenities, close location to historical monuments and a variety of food options.
• Beit Almamlouka Hotel: A traditional Damascus house converted into a guest house. Provides an authentic historical living experience.

3. Economy class and budget options:

• Al Jazeera Hotel: Economical hotel with simple but comfortable rooms. Located in the city center, which is convenient for those who want to save on accommodation.
• Old Town Hotel: Authentic hotel in the old town, providing access to numerous historical attractions. The cost of living here is usually more affordable.

4. Hostels and guest houses:

• Majed's Guesthouse: An example of a guest house with a friendly atmosphere and affordable prices. Suitable for travelers looking for budget options.
• Coral Rose Hotel: A hostel with shared rooms and a welcoming environment. Popular among young people and backpackers.

5. Apartment rental:

• Airbnb: Apartments for rent are available in Damascus through popular online platforms such as Airbnb. This is a great option for those who prefer more space and autonomy.

The choice of residence in Damascus depends on your preferences and budget. From luxury hotels with a high level of service to more budget options in older cities, Damascus offers a variety of options for travelers of all categories.

 

What to see in Damascus

The city of Damascus has a rich historical heritage, and its attractions are a unique mixture of antiquity and modernity. Important and interesting places are distributed throughout the city, and the transport system ensures accessibility to these attractions. Here are a few key locations and information on accessibility:

Main attractions:

1. Suki al-Hamidiyah Souq:
   • Description: One of the oldest markets in the world, offering a variety of goods, from fabrics and jewelry to spices and souvenirs.
   • Transport: Located in the city center, easily accessible on foot from most areas.
2. Saint John the Baptist Church (Saint John the Baptist Church)
   • Description: An ancient Christian sanctuary with unique architecture and religious significance.
   • Transport: It is easy to get by taxi, bus or even on foot depending on your location.
3. The Damascus Citadel:
   • Description: An ancient fortress providing stunning views of the city and surrounding areas.
   • Transport: Near the city center, you can take a taxi or public transport.
4. Amin Mosque (Umayyad Mosque):
   • Description: One of the largest and oldest mosques in the world with magnificent architecture and historical significance.
   • Transport: Located in the old town, close to the central areas, available on public transport and walking routes.
5. The National Mosque (Damascus National Museum)
   • Description: A museum home to a wealth of archaeological finds and artifacts related to the history of the region.
   • Transport: Easy to reach by bus, taxi or walking routes.

Transport accessibility:

1. Taxi: Taxis in Damascus are a common and convenient way to get around the city. It is important to negotiate the price in advance or use a taxi with the meter on.
2. Public transport: The city is provided by bus routes as well as the metro. Public transport is an affordable and cheap option, although the metro covers a limited area.
3. Hiking trails: Many of the attractions are located in the city centre and walking is a great way to explore its narrow streets and atmosphere.
4. Car rental: For those who prefer freedom of movement, there is the possibility of renting a car. Take into account traffic and parking in the city.

The city of Damascus, thanks to its small territory and various modes of transport, provides convenient transport accessibility to its many attractions.

 

 

Activities in Damascus

Due to the volatile political and social situation in Syria, information about events and festivals in Damascus may be subject to change. However, until 2022, various cultural events and holidays were held in the city. It is important to check with local sources before traveling. Here are a few typical events:

1. International Day of Damascus:

• Date: March 8.
• Description: This day commemorates the founding of the city and is often accompanied by parades, events and fireworks.

2. Damascus Rose Festival:

• Date: April-May.
• The festival is dedicated to the Damascus rose, which is the symbol of the city. At this time, exhibitions, concerts and master classes are held.

3. Musical concerts:

• Description: Various concerts and musical events can be held throughout the year. Such events may include both local and international artists.

4. Ramadan celebration:

• Date: Depends on the lunar calendar.
• Description: During the month of Ramadan, a special atmosphere is created in Damascus with night markets, cultural events and public festivities.

5. Independence Day:

• Date: April 17.
• Description: A holiday marking the day Syria withdrew from the French Mandate. Patriotic events and parades are possible.

6. International Film Festival in Damascus:

• Date: Different years.
• A festival where films from different countries are shown. This event allows you to enjoy the cinematic art.

7. Feast of the Enchanted Sensation:

• Date: July to August.
• Description: Festival of art and culture, which presents theatrical productions, exhibitions, concerts and other events.

Given the current situation, travelers should be attentive to the latest security updates and recommendations in the region, as well as check up-to-date information about upcoming events in Damascus.

 

Weather conditions for travel to Damascus

Damascus, like most of Syria, has a continental climate with characteristic hot and dry summer weather and relatively cool winters. The air can be very dry, especially in summer. It is important to note that the climate in the region can be strongly influenced by the current political and social situation.

Spring (March-May):

• Air temperature: It ranges from pleasantly warm to hot. On average, 15°C to 30°C.
• Water temperature: Water in rivers and reservoirs is usually cool.
• Spring is considered one of the best times to visit, when nature comes alive with green colors, and the temperature is not yet as hot as in summer.

Summer (June - August):

• Air temperature: Very hot summer with high temperatures exceeding 35°C and sometimes reaching 40°C and above.
• Water temperature: The water is usually quite warm.
• Features: Summer can be hot, especially in July and August. This time may not be the most comfortable for long walks and excursions.

Autumn (September to November):

• Air temperature: It gradually cools moderately from 25°C to 10°C.
• Water temperature: The water retains a relatively warm temperature.
• Features: Autumn is also considered a good time to visit when temperatures become more pleasant.

Winter (December to February):

• Air temperature: In winter it is cool, but rarely frosty. The temperature can range from 10°C to 2°C.
• Water temperature: The water is getting colder.
• Features: In winter, for some years, a little snow may fall. This period is considered a low season for tourism.

Best season to travel:

The best time to visit Damascus is usually considered spring and autumn, when the air temperature is comfortable and the climate is most pleasant for excursions and walks. However, due to the current situation in the region, it is necessary to carefully assess the situation and follow the recommendations of the authorities and local security authorities before traveling.

 

 

Traditions, customs and language of communication in Damascus

Language of communication:

The official language in Syria, including Damascus, is Arabic. Most of the locals speak Arabic and this will be the primary means of communication. In tourist areas and hotels, English may be spoken, but knowledge of Arabic, at least some basic phrases, will be helpful to interact with locals.

Traditions and customs:

1. Hospitality: Hospitality is very important in Arabic culture. Guests are usually greeted with warmth and tea or coffee is offered. It is customary to accept invitations to dinner, and refusal can be perceived as disrespectful.
2. Clothing: Syrians generally adopt a conservative style of dress. Tourists are advised to wear modest clothing, especially when visiting places of religious significance.
3. Photos: Before taking photos of local residents or local sites, check if this can be done. Some people may not want to be photographed out of respect for their privacy.
4. Religious monuments: When visiting mosques and other religious places, you should follow certain rules: take off your shoes before entering, dress modestly and respect prayers.

Laws:

1. Respect for religious traditions: Islam prevails in Syria and respect for local religious traditions is an important aspect.
2. Alcohol: Some places may have restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol. Clarify the rules in the establishment before ordering.
3. Respect for local customs: Observance of local customs and traditions is an expression of respect for the local culture.
4. Security: Syria may be subject to political and social change, so tourists are advised to keep an eye on security news and advice.

Before traveling to Damascus, it is important to familiarize yourself with the current situation and comply with current security recommendations. Mutual respect for local traditions and laws contributes to a pleasant and selfless travel experience.

 

Popular language phrases and dialogues for travel to Damascus

Familiarizing yourself with basic phrases in Arabic can make your trip to Damascus more enjoyable and enrich your interaction with locals. Here are some basic phrases that may be useful:

1. Greeting:
   • Arabic: السلام عليوم (As-salamu alaykum)
   • Transcription: Assalamu alaykum
   • Translation: I salute you (peace be upon you).
2. Answer to greetings:
   • Arabic: السلام (Wa alaykum as-salam)
   • Transcription: Wa alaykum as-salam
   • Translation: And peace be upon you.
3. Please:
   • Arabic: من فжلك (Min fadlak) [male], من فжلي (Min fadlik) [female]
   • Transcription: Min fadlak [m], Min fadlik [g]
   • Translation: Please.
4. Thank you.
   • Arabic: شرا) (Shukran)
   • Transcription: Shukran
   • Translation: Thank you.
5. Please (in response to "thank you"):
   • Arabic: عليه الرحب والسعة (Ala al-rahb wal-sa'ah)
   • Transcription: Ala al-rahb wal-sa'ah
   • Translation: Please (literally "for joy and fun").
6. Excuse/Sorry:
   • Arabic: жسف (Aasif) [male], жسفة (Aasifa) [female]
   • Transcription: Aasif [m], Aasifa [g]
   • Translation: Excuse me.
7. Hello (when meeting during the day):
   • Arabic: صباح العير (Sabah al-khayr)
   • Transcription: Sabah al-khayr
   • Translation: Good morning.
8. Hello (meeting you tonight):
   • Arabic: مساير (Masa' al-khayr)
   • Transcription: Masa' al-khayr
   • Translation: Good evening.
9. How are you?
   • Arabic: كيف حالق (Kayfa halak?) [male], كيف حالية (Kayfa halik?) [female]
   • Transcription: Kayfa halak? Kayfa halik?
   • Translation: How are you?
10. Okay, thank you.
    • Arabic: بفير• حرا) (Bikhair, shukran)
    • Transcription: Bikhair, shukran
    • Translation: Okay, thanks.

These phrases will help you communicate easily with locals and create a warmer atmosphere during your stay in Damascus.

 

Local food and what gifts to bring from Damascus

Food and drink:

1. Baklava: A traditional Arabic sweet dish consisting of puff dough, nuts and syrup.
2. Manakish: A kind of Arabic pizza, often seasoned with tahini grout, olive oil and greens.
3. Humus: A classic Arabic dish of boiled and crushed lentils, tahini and olive oil.
4. Shaverma: Meat cooked vertically on the grill is usually served in lavash with vegetables and sauces.
5. Pickled olives: Damascus olives are famous for their taste and quality.
6. Macaroons: Traditional Damascus sweets made of sugar, egg whites and almonds.
7. Tahini: A paste made from crushed sesame, often used in the preparation of various dishes.
8. Damascus tea: Flavored tea, often served with mint and other herbs.

Medications:

1. Pink water: It is made from Damascus roses and is used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.
2. Manuka honey: If you are planning to visit markets, pay attention to local honey, including manuka honey.
3. Arabic oils: Rose oils, jasmine or lavender, often used in aromatherapy.

Souvenirs:

1. Damascus Knives: Handmade knives with patterned blades and decorative handles.
2. Carpets and carpet products: Handmade, often decorated with traditional patterns.
3. Damascus wood carvings: Ornamental trays, boxes and other objects.
4. Silk products: scarves, handkerchiefs and fabrics made of Damascus silk.
5. Silver jewelry: Jewelry decorated with traditional patterns.

Memorable items:

1. Souvenir cards and paintings: With images of Damascus landmarks.
2. Traditional cloth and clothing: Colorful and traditional national dresses.
3. Faience products: Ceramic dishes, cups and other handmade items.
4. Arabic tea kits: A collection of cups, saucers and kettles with traditional patterns.
5. Water flask (mizrak): A traditional Arabian water flask, often made of copper.

When choosing souvenirs and products, it is important to take into account local traditions and export laws. Be sure to check customs and transportation rules before shopping.

 

What to have for a safe holiday in the city of Damascus

Security in Damascus:

The situation in Syria, including Damascus, remains difficult due to long-term conflict and political instability. Before traveling there, tourists should carefully assess the risk, follow the advice and recommendations of their country’s state security departments and local authorities.

Required documents and information:

1. Passport and visa: Make sure your passport is valid for the duration of your stay and you have the appropriate visa.
2. Insurance: Health insurance is compulsory. Make sure it covers treatment in case of accident or illness, as well as evacuation.
3. Contact information:
   • Write down the coordinates of your embassy or consulate.
   • Record the emergency phone in Syria.
4. Emergency services:
   • Police: 112 (possibly also using a local number).
   • Medical care: 110 (possibly also using a local number).
   • Fire service: 113 (possibly also using a local number).
5. Mobile communications:
   • It is better to purchase a local SIM card for a mobile phone from local carriers such as Syriatel or MTN Syria.

Stay in the country:

1. Time without departure:
   • The period of stay of tourists in Syria is limited by visa rules. Please check with the local authorities and your embassy.
2. Safety of movement:
   • Be careful when moving around the city. Use reliable and licensed taxis.
   • Avoid visiting risky areas.
3. Unlawful acts:
   • Use caution and avoid participating in mass events or demonstrations.
   • Follow local laws and codes of conduct.
4. Emergency situations:
   • Use a reliable source of security information, such as local news outlets or consular services.

It is important to remember that the situation in Syria may change and security advice may change over time. Tourists should be prepared for additional checks and restrictions.