Naberezhnye Chelny

Chelny embankments (Yar Challi) is a city with a rich historical past.

The first settlements, as archaeological excavations show, in this region were founded by tribes of log culture in the middle of the III millennium BC, in the Bronze Age.
The earliest written references refer to a later period. The collection of Bakhshi Iman’s Bulgar chronicles “Jagfar Tarikha” in 1680 reports on the founding of the city of Yar Challa in 1172 (volume 1, page 317) on the initiative of Mullah Mirhaji Nakkar, the father of the poet Mohammed Kul Gali (author of the poem “The Tale of Jusuf”) and on its transformation in the XIV-XV centuries into a large Bulgarian city and the center of the Yar (“Coast”) region (the “sides”) of the Bulgarian Kingdom.
On the maps of Italian merchants - brothers Francisco and Domenico Pizigano in 1367. and the Catalan Atlas in 1375. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny is also marked as Zhar (in the Kazan dialect of the Bulgar language the word "Yar" is pronounced in the form "Heat").

During the period of Volga-Kama Bulgaria, the modern territory of Naberezhnye Chelny and Tukayevsky district was part of this state. This is confirmed by archaeological finds, numerous remains of Bulgar ceramics of the second half of the XIV century, found during excavations on the Elevator Hill in 1992.
To determine a more accurate date of the foundation of the city requires a number of examinations and scientific developments.
According to documents preserved in the state archives, Naberezhnye Chelny is first mentioned in Russian chronicles in 1626.
In 1626, in the palace village of Elabuga, a "community of new peasants Elabujan" was formed, headed by Fyodor Popov. In the same year, "Popov with five friendly families, crossing the river Kama, settled on ready-made houses." A settlement founded in 1626. Originally it was called Chalny repair. Later, Coastal, Coastal and finally

Chelny embankments.

Even historians of the XIX century noted the often found in the Ufa region Turkic origin of the names of some Russian villages. These names originated either from the more ancient Turkic (Bulgar) settlements that were once in these places. Or these names arose from the names of rivers, on the banks of which villages and villages appeared. Many agree that the word “chal” in Bulgar meant stone, and the old Turkic word “challi” meant a place fenced with stone construction – a fortress.
According to the census of 1647, a whole group of settlements (including Berezhnaya, Cape, Orlovka, Mironivka, Shilnya, etc.) formed around the Chelny repairs: 10 villages and repairs, taken together, had 296 peasant and 55 Bobylev households, 683 peasants and male beans lived in them. In 1650, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a Cossack fortified Chalny town was built on the Chalne River at the confluence of the Kama River - to protect from the parishes of Kalmyk and Nogai military people.
Villages and villages located on the site of the present city were located along the banks of small rivers - Chelninka, Melekes, Shilna. In the valley of Kama in the past there were wonderful floodplain meadows. Unfortunately, in our time, almost all floodplain meadows were flooded as a result of the formation of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir.
It was rich in terrain and lakes. In most of them, there was fishing. There were fish here. Currently, most of the lakes either fell into the flood zone of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir, or covered with soil and built up.

The great wealth was the forests. 4-5 centuries ago, both banks of Kama were almost completely covered with mighty forests. Of particular value were the pine forests - Big and Small Bor near Elabuga, as well as the so-called "ship groves" found on both banks of the Kama. In these groves during the XVII-XIX centuries harvested mast pine, went to the construction of ships in Kazan, Astrakhan and in a number of other cities. Borovetsk ship grove was near the village of Borovetsky and D. Maloy Shilny. The development of the forest and its protection until the 60s of the XIX century was engaged in the maritime Ministry. It is this circumstance that we owe the fact that the ship groves have at least partially survived to this day.

At present, on the site of the Borovetsk grove is the Kzyl-Tau forest. It is known primarily for the fact that this is the only place in Tatarstan and in the Middle Volga region in general where the taiga, as a result of a change in the riverbed, "stepped over" to the left, forest-steppe bank of the Kama. After all, the main attraction of Kzyl-Tau is the beautiful fir.

Bolshaya Bor and Kzyl-Tau are currently natural monuments of republican significance and are part of the Lower Kama State Natural National Park.

On December 13, 1969, Naberezhnye Chelny woke up famous. On this day, excavator Mikhail Noskov picked up his excavator with a bucket and poured a pile of frozen earth into the dump truck. From this pile began the construction of KAMAZ.

With the construction of KAMAZ, the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers dated June 9, 1970 "On measures for the construction of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny" began the construction of a new city on the banks of the Kama River.
The firstborn KAMAZ - RIZ - entered service in 1973.
February 16, 1976 earned the first string of the main conveyor of the automobile plant in commissioning mode. KAMAZ 0000001 model 5320 “sedator” was delivered.
August 8, 1978 - 50 thousandth car came off the main assembly line.
June 10, 1979 - KAMAZ No. 100000.
On October 18, 1988, the millionth car was built.
August 10, 1993 - A half-millionth KAMAZ was released.
At the end of February 1974, the last 50-ton block of the automobile plant was raised and fixed. More than 700 foreign companies took part in the equipment of KAMAZ: American Swindell-Dresser, Holcroft; German Bush, Hüller; Italian Morando, Fata; French Renault; Swedish Sandvik; Japanese Kamatsu, Hitachi.