Uglich is a city in the Russian Federation, the district center of the Yaroslavl region; located on the Volga River (Uglich reservoir), 110 km west of Yaroslavl. Uglich is a river port and railway station. The population is 32 thousand people (2017). The city is part of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Industry: plants - "Chaika Watch", repair and mechanical, experimentally repair and mechanical; the association "Uglich" includes research Institute of butter and cheesemaking. In the city there is a branch of the Research Institute of Watch Industry, Uglich HPP, Uglichsky Gateway - the gate of the Upper Volga.
According to the local Suponevskaya chronicle, Uglich was founded in 937 by the envoy of the Kiev Grand Duke Jan Pleskovich, who came here with a squad to census the population and collect tribute. In the Ipatiev chronicle the city is mentioned under 1148. By the beginning of the 13th century, Uglich became a large city of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. From 1207 it was part of Rostov, and from 1218 it became the capital of the Uglich principality. Residents of Uglich in the Battle of Kulikovo participated on the side of Moscow in the squad of Vladimir Andreevich Brave. The heyday of the city fell on the second half of the 15th century - the reign of the specific prince Andrei Vasilyevich the Great (1462-1492), brother of Ivan III. In 1591 in Uglich under mysterious circumstances died Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of Ivan IV. Since 1796 - county city of Yaroslavl province. With the introduction of the Mariinsky water system, with the development of railways, Uglich was away from busy trade routes.
The oldest building of the Uglich Kremlin is the Chamber of Specific Princes, preserved from the vast palace complex erected by Prince Andrei the Great in the 1480s. On the second floor of the chambers is the Throne Hall, inside which a staircase, a tiled stove and fragments of murals have been preserved. The stone chambers remained abandoned for many years. Only in 1802 at the expense of the merchant A. Kozhevnikov began repairing the building. In June 1892, on the initiative of the merchants, one of the first antiquities museums in Russia was opened in the chambers (now the Uglich Historical and Art Museum).
The main building of the Kremlin is the Transfiguration Cathedral, erected in 1713 by serf masters led by Grigory Fedorov on the site of a dilapidated cathedral of the 15th century. The interior of the cathedral was painted in the early 19th century by the master academician Timothy Medvedev on the subjects of the New Testament. The temple fresco “Transfiguration” reproduces the composition of Raphael. The six-tiered iconostasis (1853) includes icons of the 15th and 19th centuries, made by masters of various schools. The cathedral has an exposition of ancient Russian art of the 15-18 centuries. Near the cathedral is a 37-meter multi-tiered bell tower, built in 1730 in the style of “Naryshkin Baroque”.
In the northeastern part of the Kremlin stands the church of Tsarevich Dmitry on blood, erected in 1692 on the site of the death of the tsarevich. The monument belongs to the Moscow school of architecture. In the iconostasis, established in 1867, there is an icon of the Smolensk Mother of God - a gift of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Here is a bell that served three hundred years of exile in Siberia.
To the south of the Kremlin are the buildings of the Alekseev Monastery, founded in 1371 by the monk Hadrian. In 1628, during the restoration of the monastery after its ruin during the Time of Troubles, the Assumption Church was erected in memory of the five hundred defenders of Uglich who died. For its beauty, it received the name “three-top marvelous”. The Assumption Church is an example of a stone tent temple. Not far from it is the miniature church of John the Baptist (1681). The territory of the monastery can be accessed through the Holy Gate, currently there is a convent.
Korsun Church (1730) is a typical for Uglich, but original in design sample of temple architecture. The carved royal gate from the iconostasis of the church is located in the Uglich Historical Museum. The Resurrection Monastery was built in 1674-1677 on the initiative of the Rostov Metropolitan Iona Sysoyevich. In the center of the monastery stands the Resurrection Cathedral with two side aisles, surrounded by an arched gallery. The cathedral is connected with a belfry with a single-headed church of Mary of Egypt, a refectory chamber with a small church of Odigitria and a clock tower above it. All the buildings have a common base - a high subclade and are connected by a gallery.
On the banks of the Volga near the Resurrection Monastery is the Church of the Nativity of John the Forerunner, built in 1689-1690 by the merchant Nikifor Chepolosov in memory of the murdered son. The Epiphany Monastery was founded in the 14th century by Grand Duchess Evdokia, the wife of Dmitry Donskoy. After reconstruction in the 17th century, the monastery was outside the Kremlin. The first, wooden buildings, are not preserved, most of the buildings date back to the 18th century. On the territory of the Epiphany Monastery there are the Church of Epiphany (now Smolenskaya, 1700) and the Church of Theodore Our Lady, built in 1818 in the style of classicism.
Among the civil monuments of Uglich architecture are the building of the City Duma in the style of Russian classicism (1815); shopping arcades (late 17th - early 19th centuries); two-storey stone administrative buildings and city mansions of classical style (late 18th - early 19th centuries); wooden buildings of the 19th century.
In 1784, a plan was adopted for the regular development of the historical part of Uglich. The central square of the city is Uspenskaya, to which the stone Nikolsky Bridge, built in the early 19th century, leads from the Kremlin. During the years of Soviet power, the Assumption Church disappeared from the square, as well as most of the shops. Its appearance is formed by two buildings of the shopping rows of the 19th century and a stone house of the late 19th century, which belonged to the merchants Yevreinov. On the western side of the square is the Kazan Church (1778).
Uglich is the birthplace of the designer of Volga steamers V. I. Kalashnikov (the former Kalashnikov house is one of the architectural monuments of the 18th century), in the village of Novoselovo near Uglich, the poet I. Z. Surikov was born. The names of artists N. K. Roerich, K. F. Yuon, M. V. Nesterov, writers A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylin, S. T. Aksakov, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, A. N. Ostrovsky, historian M. P. Pogodin, poetess O. F. Bergholtz are associated with Uglich. At the end of the 19th century, a museum of antiquities, a public library, a historical and art museum with an art gallery (1892) opened in Uglich, a theater society appeared, the soul of which was Mikhail Chekhov.
The modern Uglich Historical and Art Museum occupies the Church of Tsarevich Dmitri on blood, the chambers of Uglich specific princes, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Epiphany Cathedral and the building of the City Duma. The exposition of the museum presents archaeological finds, ancient Russian icons, family relics. In the city there is a museum of clocks of the plant "Chaika", the museum "Library of Russian vodka".
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