Travel and rest in Kazakhstan

Historical information about Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a country in Central Asia, rich in history, culture and diverse natural resources. Its history dates back thousands of years, from ancient times to the present.

1. Ancient times and Middle Ages: The territory of modern Kazakhstan has been inhabited since ancient times by various peoples, including Sketes, Saks, Huns and many others. In the 8-9 centuries, the first Turkic statehood - Khazaria - was formed on this territory. Later, these lands became part of the Great Steppe, where nomadic peoples such as Kipchaks, Kumans, Nogai and others led their history.
2. Golden Horde and Buchi Khanate: In the 13th and 14th centuries, Kazakhstan became part of the Golden Horde, which was a great Turkic state covering most of Central Asia and adjacent territories. During this period, the formation of the Kazakh nation and culture took place. Later, in the 15th century, the Zhuchi Khanate arose, which became one of the first Kazakh states.
3. Kazakh Khanate and the Influence of Neighbors: In the 15-18 centuries, Kazakhstan remained the arena of the struggle for influence between neighboring states: the Horde, the Uzbek Khanate and Persia. At this time Kazakh khanates were formed, such as Zhetysu Khanate, Kokand Khanate and others.
4. Kazakh Khanate and the Influence of the Russian Empire: In the 18th century, the Russian Empire began to actively expand its possessions on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. This led to the gradual subordination of the Kazakh khanates to Russian influence. In the 19th century, most of Kazakhstan became part of the Russian Empire.
5. Soviet period and formation of the Kazakh SSR: After the October Revolution of 1917, Kazakhstan became part of Soviet Russia and then the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (KazSSR) was formed, which became one of the Union republics of the USSR.
6. Period of independence: After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan became an independent state. Since 1991, the ruler of the country was Nursultan Nazarbayev, who remained president until 2019. Over the years, Kazakhstan has stabilized its economy, developed infrastructure and attracted foreign investment.
7. Modernity: In modern Kazakhstan, there is a policy of multinationality and multiculturalism. The country is actively developing its economy, especially in the energy, transport and agriculture sectors. Kazakhstan also plays an important role on the world stage, taking part in international organizations and initiatives.

The history of Kazakhstan is rich in events and cultural heritage, which was formed over centuries. Modern Kazakhstan strives for further development, while preserving its historical identity.

Main activities, religion and interests of local population in Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, the population is engaged in various activities reflecting the diversity of economic sectors and cultural traditions. Here are some of the main aspects:

1. Industry and resource extraction: Kazakhstan is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, coal, metals and others. Therefore, industry and the extraction of these resources play an important role in the economy. The population is employed in such industries as oil and gas, metallurgy, mining, etc.
2. Agriculture: Agriculture also plays a significant role in Kazakhstan’s economy. The main crops include cereals, cotton, livestock and vegetables. Many people are engaged in agriculture on both large and small farms.
3. Trade and services: In the cities of Kazakhstan, a large number of people are employed in the field of trade and services. It can be retail, restaurant business, tourism, financial services, etc.
4. Religion: Islam is the dominant religion in Kazakhstan. Most Kazakhs profess Sunni Islam, but there are also smaller Shia and other denominations. In addition to Islam, Orthodox Christians, Protestants, Jews and others live in the country.
5. Cultural interests: The local population of Kazakhstan is interested in various aspects of culture, including music, dance, literature and national traditions. Sports events are also popular, especially football, boxing, basketball and volleyball.
6. Education and science: Education and science are of high importance in the society of Kazakhstan. Many people aspire to higher education and engage in scientific activities in various fields, including natural and social sciences, engineering sciences, medicine and others.

These aspects of public life form Kazakhstan’s rich and diverse community, reflecting its multi-ethnic and multicultural character.

Interesting places and attractiveness of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is an amazing country with a rich cultural heritage, beautiful nature and unique tourist opportunities. Here are some aspects that make Kazakhstan attractive for travelers and tourists:

1. Amazing natural landscapes: Kazakhstan offers a variety of natural beauty, ranging from endless steppes and semi-deserts to majestic mountains, crystal clear lakes and picturesque canyons. National parks and reserves, such as Altai and Kokshetau, invite tourists on magnificent walks and excursions.
2. Cultural Heritage: Historical cities such as Almaty, Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana), Shymkent and Taraz are rich in architectural monuments, museums and ancient sights. Tourists can immerse themselves in the rich culture of Kazakhs, learn about the history of the Great Silk Road and visit unique archaeological finds such as the city of Otrar.
3. Hospitality and culture of the Kazakh people: Kazakhstanis are famous for their hospitality and friendliness towards guests. Tourists can taste the national Kazakh cuisine, enjoy national dances and songs, as well as get acquainted with the traditions of the nomadic lifestyle.
4. Active recreation and extreme sports: For lovers of outdoor activities, Kazakhstan offers many opportunities, such as mountain skiing in the Tian Shan mountains, mountaineering in the Altai mountains, climbing, rafting on mountain rivers, as well as hunting and fishing in picturesque places.
5. Modern architectural sights: The cities of Kazakhstan are famous for their modern architectural masterpieces. For example, in Nur-Sultan you can see impressive buildings such as Baiterek and the Kazakhstan International Exhibition Center, and in Almaty you can see grand buildings such as the Kok-Tube TV Tower and the Palace of the Republic.
6. Multifaceted cultural life: Kazakhstan offers a variety of cultural events, festivals and exhibitions of national and world scale. Tourists can visit museums and galleries, theaters and concert halls, participate in folklore festivals and contemporary art events.

Kazakhstan is a unique combination of ancient and modern culture, majestic nature and hospitality, which makes it an attractive destination for tourists from all over the world.

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Transport accessibility and level of comfort, accommodation and food in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan offers a variety of opportunities for travelers and tourists, providing different levels of comfort and service. Here is an overview of the level of transportation, restaurants, hotels and other services in the country, as well as some examples of popular accommodation and food establishments:

Transport:

1. Air transportation: Major cities of Kazakhstan are served by international and domestic flights. Air Astana, the national air carrier, offers a wide range of flights and a high level of service.
2. Rail transport: The railway network connects the main cities and regions of the country. The quality and comfort of trains range from economy class to sleeping cars.
3. Automobile traffic: Car rental is available in major cities and airports. The roads are generally in good condition, especially on highways.

Restaurants:

1. Premium class: Premium restaurants offer a refined menu and a cozy atmosphere. Examples include Nurai, Belvedere, Asconi, located in major cities such as Nur-Sultan (Astana) and Almaty.
2. Middle class: Here you can enjoy a wide selection of Kazakh, Asian and European dishes at more affordable prices. Some famous restaurants in this segment: "City grains", "Dill", "Kazakh Traktirnaya" and others.
3. Street food and cafe: In cities and rural areas, many street cafes can be found offering national snacks and dishes at affordable prices.

Hotels:

1. Luxury hotels: Major cities have global hotel brands such as Ritz-Carlton, InterContinental, Rixos, etc., which offer a high level of service and comfort.
2. Middle and Economy Class: Options for more affordable accommodation include chains like Ramada, Holiday Inn, Mercure, as well as local hotels and guesthouses.

Other accommodation options:

1. Guest houses and apartment rental: Some areas provide apartment or guesthouse rental services, which can be a more cost-effective option for long stays or for travelers who prefer a more autonomous holiday.
2. Eco hotels and boutique hotels: Eco-friendly hotels and unique boutique hotels are available in nature reserves and tourist regions, where travelers can enjoy nature and privacy.

Kazakhstan offers a variety of options for travelers with different budgets and preferences, combining modern amenities and national traditions.

What to see in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan offers many amazing attractions, from unique natural landscapes to historical monuments. Here are some of the country’s top attractions and information on transport accessibility:

1. Baikonur Spaceport: This is the largest space base in the world, from where rockets and spacecraft are launched. Access to Baikonur is limited due to its military status, but organized tours from Kazakhstan cities such as Baikonur and Kyzylorda offer guided tours for visitors.
2. Almaty and Alatau: Almaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan, located at the foot of the Zailisky Alatau mountain range. It is a place where you can enjoy modern architecture, rich culture and beautiful mountain scenery. Ski resorts such as Chimbulak and Shymbulak are accessible from the city by car or public transport.
3. Baidibek Plateau: This is a unique natural formation located in the western part of Kazakhstan. The plateau offers beautiful landscapes, rocky formations and picturesque lakes. The best way to get to the Baidibek Plateau is to rent a car or take an organized tour from nearby towns.
4. Baiterek in Nur-Sultan (Astana): The emblem of the capital of Kazakhstan is a huge tower 97 meters high, symbolizing the aspiration of the nation to prosperity. Visitors can climb to the upper level of the tower, offering panoramic views of the city. Nur-Sultan is also well connected by air and rail routes to all major cities in Kazakhstan.
5. Temples and mosques: In various cities of Kazakhstan, you can find architectural pearls of religious culture, such as the Cathedral of Christ the Resurrection in Almaty, the Hazret Sultan Mosque in Nur-Sultan, etc. Access to these places is usually convenient due to the developed public transport system in cities.
6. Charyn Canyon: This canyon, known as the "little brother" of the Grand Canyon in the United States, surprises with its beauty and scale. The canyon is located near the city of Almaty and is available to visit by car or through organized excursions.

These places represent only a small part of the rich cultural and natural heritage of Kazakhstan. The country has a well-developed transport network, which facilitates travel to various regions and attractions.

Holidays, cultural life and events in Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, there are many interesting events, holidays and festivals throughout the year. Here are some of them, broken down by season:

Winter (December to February):

1. New Year's Day: New Year holidays in Kazakhstan are celebrated brightly and cheerfully. Cities are decorated with lights, fairs are held in the streets, and people come together to celebrate the New Year.
2. Christmas: Although the Christian community in Kazakhstan is small, Christmas is celebrated in traditional ways in churches and homes.

Spring (March-May):

1. Nauryz: This is an ancient Kazakh holiday of the spring equinox, which is celebrated in late March. For two weeks, festive events, fairs, concerts, sports competitions and traditional national games are organized on the streets of cities.
2. Astana Zhas Otan Festival: Every year, the capital Nur-Sultan hosts a festival of youth and students dedicated to the development of culture, creativity and sports.

Summer (June - August):

1. Constitution Day (25-26 August): This holiday is celebrated throughout the country with festive events, concerts, fireworks and other entertainment.
2. Nomad Way Festival: This festival, held in June in Almaty, is dedicated to the culture of nomadic peoples and offers master classes, exhibitions, concerts and sports competitions.
3. BuranFest: This is an annual music event organized in Almaty in June, where famous musical groups and artists from different countries perform.

Autumn (September to November):

1. National Flag Day (4 August): This holiday is celebrated throughout the country with parades, exhibitions and other festive events.
2. Eurasia International Film Festival: This is a major film event held in Almaty in September, where films from different countries are presented and master classes and awards are held.
3. Independence Day (16 December): This important holiday is celebrated throughout the country with parades, fireworks, concerts and other solemn events.

Local festivals and cultural events reflecting the diversity of ethnic groups and traditions of the country are also held in various regions of Kazakhstan.

What weather is best for traveling to Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan has a continental climate characterized by significant differences in temperature and precipitation at different times of the year. Here is a brief description of the climate at different times of the year:

Spring (March-May):

• Air temperature: In early spring, temperatures are usually still cool, but as they approach May, they begin to rise. In March-April, the average temperature can range from 5 ° C to 15 ° C, and in May it already rises to 15 ° C-25 ° C and above.
• Water temperature: In spring, the water temperature in rivers and lakes is usually still cold and not suitable for swimming.
• Precipitation: Spring can be changeable, with little rain and periods of sun.

Summer (June - August):

• Summer in Kazakhstan can be hot, especially in the southern regions. Average daily temperatures in June-August can reach 25°C-35°C and above.
• Water temperature: Ponds can warm up, and the water becomes more pleasant for swimming.
• Rainfall: During the summer months, there is usually little precipitation, a dry climate.

Autumn (September to November):

• Air temperature: In early autumn, temperatures are still warm, but as they approach November, they begin to decline. The average temperature in September-October is usually 10°C-20°C, and in November can already drop to 0°C-10°C.
• Rainfall: In the autumn months, the amount of precipitation can increase, sometimes rain and snowfall are possible.

Winter (December to February):

• Air temperature: In winter it is cold in Kazakhstan, especially in the northern and central regions. Average daily temperatures are usually in the range of -5°C to -20°C, but may be lower.
• Water temperature: The waters freeze and swimming is impossible.
• Precipitation: Snow falls in most regions of Kazakhstan in winter.

Best season to travel: Depending on your preferences, the best time to visit Kazakhstan may be in spring or autumn, when the climate is milder and temperate, and rainfall is not as intense as in the summer and winter months. However, if you like hot summers, the summer months are also good for visiting the country, especially the southern regions.

Language of communication, traditions, customs and laws of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a multinational state, and the national language is Kazakh, however, Russian is also widely used as a second official language and is a widespread means of communication. Therefore, most people in Kazakhstan speak Russian, especially in cities and tourist areas.

When visiting Kazakhstan, it is important to observe local traditions, customs and laws to show respect for the local culture and ensure a safe and pleasant stay. Here are some important aspects to consider:

1. Respect for culture and religion: Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state with many cultural and religious traditions. It is important to respect these differences and avoid behaviour that may be offensive to the local population.
2. Clothes: In public places, modest clothing is recommended, especially when visiting religious places such as mosques and churches. At the same time, in the resort areas and on the beaches you can wear swimsuits and beach clothes.
3. Drinking water: It is recommended to drink only bottled or boiled water to avoid stomach problems. In most cities of Kazakhstan there are shops where you can buy bottled water.
4. Safety: General safety measures should be followed, such as keeping valuables safe, avoiding solo walks in unfamiliar areas at night, etc.
5. Traffic rules: When driving, you should follow the rules of the road and be attentive to local features, such as road conditions and driving style of other road users.
6. Currency and money exchange: The official currency of Kazakhstan is the tenge. It is recommended to exchange money in official banks or exchange offices.
7. Souvenirs: Buying souvenirs and goods in the markets is common in Kazakhstan. It is important to bargain to get the best price, but do so with respect to the sellers.

Compliance with these basic rules and respect for local traditions and customs will help make your trip to Kazakhstan enjoyable and safe.

The main dialogues for traveling to Kazakhstan

When traveling to Kazakhstan, it is useful to know basic words and phrases in Kazakh, although most people in the country also speak Russian. Here are some key words, phrases, and dialogues with Russian translation and transcription:

1. Greetings and communication:
   • Salem! Hello!
   • Kalaysyn? (Qalaysıñız?) - How are you?
   • (Rahmet!) - Thank you.
   • Kalem Soyleiniz Pater? (Kälem söyleińiz päter?) - Do you speak Kazakh?
   • I'm not sure. (Men tüsinbedim.) - I don't understand.
2. When ordering food and drinks:
   • I'll take the tapsyrth menu. (Menyulardan tapsırıs beru.) - I'd like to order from the menu.
   • Kop rakat! (Köp raqat (köp su!) - Would you please bring more water?
   • Mean (bir/eki) tea (coffee) suraimen. Men (bir/eki) chai (kofe) sūraımın. - I'd like a cup of tea (coffee).
   • I had a great time, and I had a great time. (Men bul esik (esikke) tirkeu kuqyğını tapsırıs beremin.) - I'd like to close that door.
3. Orientation and transport:
   • Bul qaida? (Bul qayda?) - Where is it?
   • Menin Apartmenterim (Hotelim) Qaida? (Meniń apartamentterim (otelim) qayda?) - Where's my apartment?
   • Biz (airport/station a) kansha tenge bara alamyz? (Biz (aeroportqa/stantsiyağa) qanşa teñge bara alamız?) How much does it cost to get to the airport / station?
   • What is the meaning of the Qur’an? (Shyğıs (tüngі) jáne batıs (tüsinde) qayda? - Where's east (west)?
4. Shopping:
   • Wasn't a bar? (Bul ne bar? - Is there any?
   • Bul qansha tenge? - How much does it cost?
   • I'm a card-taker. (Men kartochkamen tüley alamin.) - I can pay with a card.
   • I'm a keshirim surau. (Men keşirim surau etemin). - I'd like to return it.
5. Farewell:
   • Körispes! - Goodbye!
   • I'm sorry. (Öziñizdi qalamız!)

What dishes, medicines and gifts are popular in Kazakhstan

A trip to Kazakhstan provides a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the diverse culture, traditions and products of this country. Here are some unique and useful things to buy while traveling in Kazakhstan:

1. Food and drink:
   • Kumys (fermented mare's milk): It is a traditional Kazakh drink rich in probiotics and nutrients.
   • Baursaki: This is a traditional Kazakh cookie, usually served with tea or coffee. It can be stored for a long time and is a popular souvenir.
   • Shubat: Another fermented milk drink made from barley or wheat. It is known for its beneficial properties for digestion and immunity.
2. Traditional souvenirs:
   • Kazakh wool products: These can be carpets, carpets or clothes decorated with traditional patterns and embroidery, which are unique souvenirs from Kazakhstan.
   • Kazakh Jewelry: Kazakhstan is known for its craftsmanship in making jewelry such as silver and gold jewelry with ethnic motifs.
   • Kazakh hats and clothes: Traditional Kazakh clothing such as chapans (coat) and skullcaps (caps) can be an interesting souvenir.
3. Medications:
   • Propolis: Known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, this natural remedy can be found in a variety of forms, including honey, capsules or extracts.
   • Rosehip: Known for its high content of vitamin C and other nutrients, rosehip is often used in traditional medicine.
4. Meat products:
   • Kazy: This dried meat, often beef or sheep, is a traditional Kazakh delicacy. It can be an interesting and useful souvenir for lovers of unusual cooking.
   • Salo: Thinly sliced lard, salted and dried, is a popular snack in Kazakhstan. It can also be packaged and brought as a souvenir.

Traveling around Kazakhstan provides many opportunities to purchase unique and useful goods that reflect the richness of culture and nature of this amazing country.

What to prepare for a safe holiday in Kazakhstan

Safety of rest in Kazakhstan, as in any other country, plays an important role for a pleasant and carefree trip. Here are some important points to consider:

Documents:

1. Passport: Make sure your passport is valid and has enough free pages for stamps.
2. Visa: Check the visa requirements for your country. Citizens of many countries can visit Kazakhstan without a visa for a certain period of time, but this depends on citizenship.
3. Health insurance: It is recommended to have health insurance covering medical expenses and emergency medical care if necessary.
4. Copies of documents: Make copies of your passport, visa and other important documents and keep them separate from the originals.

Emergency contacts:

1. Emergency services: In Kazakhstan, emergency numbers are as follows:
   • Fire service: 101
   • Police: 102
   • Emergency medical care: 103
2. Embassy or consulate: Make sure you have the contact details of your country’s embassy or consulate in Kazakhstan for emergencies or loss of documents.

Mobile communications:

1. Local SIM cards: Purchasing a local SIM card can be useful for accessing local communications and the internet.
2. Mobile operators: Some of the most popular mobile operators in Kazakhstan:
   • Beeline
   • Kcell
   • Tele2.

Duration of stay: Tourists can stay in Kazakhstan for up to 30 days without having to leave the country. However, if you need to stay longer, you must apply for a visa or extend your current visa status.

The general safety in Kazakhstan is generally high, however, as in any other country, tourists should be vigilant and cautious, especially in large cities where there may be an increase in criminal activity. It is important to take general precautions, such as avoiding dangerous areas at night, not showing expensive things and money outside, and keeping an eye on your personal belongings.

Local currency and customs regulations in Kazakhstan

The local currency in Kazakhstan is the tenge (KZT). Here are a few key points regarding currency, payment, exchange rate and customs regulations:

Local currency:

• Tenge (KZT): The Kazakh tenge is the official currency of the country. It is available in various bills and coins.

Exchange rate:

• The exchange rate of tenge against the US dollar and other currencies may vary depending on the market situation. It is recommended to check the current exchange rate before traveling to Kazakhstan.

Payback:

• Credit cards such as Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted in major cities and tourist destinations. However, in some places it may be preferable to use cash.
• It is recommended to carry both cash tenge and a small amount of US dollars or euros in case the need arises.

Customs regulations:

1. Import and export of currency: Travelers can import or export an amount equivalent to $10,000 without a declaration. If the amount is more than 10 000 US dollars, it is necessary to fill out a declaration on the import / export of funds.
2. Personal effects and goods: General rules of customs control apply to personal items and goods that are imported into the country. This may include restrictions on the importation of alcohol, tobacco, jewelry and other goods. Detailed information about customs rules should be clarified before traveling.

Compliance with customs rules and reasonable use of funds will help make your trip to Kazakhstan more comfortable and safe.