Hurghada is one of the best places in Egypt, 470 kilometers from Cairo. It is a universal resort on the Red Sea coast with water p …
Oh. Egypt
Independent tourism and recreation in Egypt
A Brief History of Egypt
The history of Egypt is one of the oldest and richest human histories, spanning millennia of civilization on the banks of the Nile. Here is a detailed overview of the major stages of Egyptian history:
Ancient Egypt (circa 3100 BC – 332 BC):
Early history begins with the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt around 3100 BC. Along with this event, the appearance of the first pharaohs and the formation of a centralized state are noted.
The Old Kingdom period (c.2686–2181 BC) is characterized by the construction of pyramids and the development of agriculture.
The Middle Kingdom (2040–1782 BC) was marked by a period of stability and flourishing of culture and art.
The New Kingdom (c.1550–1070 BC) is one of the most famous periods of Egyptian history, with pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV (Aachenaten) and Ramesses II.
Subsequent periods were characterized by invasions and rule by foreign dynasties such as the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.
The period of Greco-Roman Egypt (332 BC – 641 AD):
In 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, after which the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty established its rule.
Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC, following the death of Cleopatra VII. This period is characterized by the Greco-Roman influence on the culture, language and administration of Egypt.
Islamic Egypt (641 AD – present):
In 641, Egypt was conquered by the Arabs and became part of the Islamic world. This led to the emergence of Islamic culture, Arabic language and religion in the region.
For centuries, Egypt was ruled by various dynasties, including the Fatimids, Ayyubids, and Mamluks.
In the 19th century, Egypt became an object of interest to European powers, especially Great Britain, which in 1882 effectively turned it into a colony.
Egypt was granted independence in 1922, but British influences continued to be significant.
In 1952 there was a revolution in Egypt that overthrew the monarchy, and in 1954 a republic was proclaimed. During the revolution, power was seized by a group of officers, including Gamal Abdel Nasser.
The following decades were marked by periods of political instability, including wars with Israel and various social and economic crises.
Since 2011, Egypt has witnessed a series of protests and revolutions, including the January 25 Revolution that led to the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak and the second revolution in 2013 that led to the ouster of President Mohamed Morsi and the rise to power of Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
This is just a brief overview of Egypt’s rich history, which has left a huge legacy in the culture, art and architecture of the world.
Main activities, religion and interests of the local population in Egypt
Currently, Egypt’s main employment is diverse, but it is largely dependent on economic conditions, regional differences, and educational attainment. Here are some of the main activities:
Agriculture: Almost a third of the working-age population is employed in agriculture. Major crops include wheat, rice, cotton, sugar cane and vegetables. Agriculture plays an important role in the country’s economy and food security.
Industry: Egypt has developed industrial sectors, including the production of chemical products, textiles, petroleum products, metallurgy and building materials. Industry also creates a significant number of jobs.
Tourism: Tourism plays a key role in Egypt’s economy. Due to its rich historical heritage, including ancient pyramids, temples and museums, as well as beautiful beaches on the Red Sea, the country attracts millions of tourists annually.
Services and trade: In cities, numerous shops, restaurants, hotels and other businesses cater to both locals and tourists.
Education and public service: Education and public service are also important employment sectors in Egypt. Many young people aspire to higher education and find employment in public institutions or private companies.
The religious picture of Egypt is largely determined by Islam, as the vast majority of the population is Muslim, predominantly Sunni. Egypt also has small Christian communities, mostly Coptic Christians, making up about 10% of the population. Many aspects of everyday life, including culture, traditions and customs, reflect the influence of Islam.
The interests of the local population include diverse aspects of culture, history, sports and social activities. Many Egyptians are fond of national cuisine, music and traditional dance. Sport, especially football, is a popular pastime for both players and fans. There is also great interest in cultural events such as festivals, exhibitions and concerts, as well as educational activities that promote self-development and professional growth.
Interesting places and attractiveness of Egypt
Egypt is an amazing country rich in history, culture and natural beauty. Here are a few reasons why Egypt is an attractive destination for travelers and tourists:
Ancient Heritage: Egypt is home to one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Its history dates back thousands of years, and there are ancient monuments throughout the country, such as the pyramids of Giza, temples in Luxor and Karnak, as well as the ruins of ancient cities.
Natural beauty: Egypt has a variety of natural landscapes, including sand dunes of the Sahara desert, picturesque oases, picturesque shores of the Red Sea with crystal clear water and colorful coral reefs.
Beach rest: The Red Sea coast attracts millions of tourists with its sandy beaches, warm climate and diverse opportunities for water sports such as diving, snorkeling and surfing.
Cultural and archaeological attractions: Egypt offers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with ancient and medieval history by visiting museums, temples, necropolises and other archaeological sites where you can learn about the amazing heritage of ancient civilizations.
Nile cruises: One of the most exciting ways to explore Egypt is to cruise the Nile River. Such cruises offer a unique opportunity to visit ancient temples and pyramids along the banks of the river.
Hospitality and culture: The Egyptian population is known for its hospitality and welcoming attitude to visitors. Tourists can immerse themselves in the rich culture of the country, taste national dishes, enjoy local music and dance.
Price: Egypt remains a relatively affordable destination for tourists with different budgets. Here you can find a variety of accommodation options, from economical hotels to luxury resorts.
Overall, Egypt offers a unique travel experience combining adventure, history, culture and natural beauty.
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Transport accessibility and level of comfort, accommodation and food in Egypt
Egypt offers a variety of transportation, restaurants, hotels and other services suitable for different budgets and preferences.
1. Transport:
Public transport: In major cities such as Cairo and Alexandria, buses, subways and taxis are available.
Taxi: Taxis in Egypt are relatively affordable and convenient to move around the city. It is recommended to use licensed taxis or apps to order a taxi to avoid unpleasant situations.
Car rental: Car rental services can be used for more flexible and independent travel around the country.
2. Restaurants:
Dear ones: Some of the best restaurants in Egypt offer upscale service and culinary masterpieces. These include restaurants in luxury hotels such as the Sofitel Legend Old Cataract Aswan and the Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza.
Middle class: There are many middle-class restaurants offering authentic Egyptian dishes and international cuisine at reasonable prices.
Economy: In various streets and areas you can find small cafes, diners and restaurants where you can have a snack at affordable prices.
3. Hotels and other accommodation:
Dear ones: There are many luxury hotels and resorts in Egypt, such as Hilton Luxor Resort & Spa in Luxor, Rixos Sharm El Sheikh in Sharm El Sheikh or Four Seasons Resort Sharm El Sheikh.
Middle class: For those who prefer comfortable but more affordable accommodation, there are many mid-range hotels and hotels. For example, Steigenberger Hotel El Tahrir in Cairo or Sunrise Montemare Resort in Hurghada.
Economy: Egypt also has many cost-effective hotels, hostels and guest houses offering simple yet cozy accommodation.
Overall, Egypt offers a wide range of transportation, restaurants, hotels and other accommodations for tourists with different budgets and preferences, making it an attractive destination for travelers.
What to see in Egypt
Egypt is known for its rich cultural and historical heritage, which is represented by many amazing sights. Here are some of the main attractions of Egypt and their transport accessibility:
Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx:
These ancient monuments are in close proximity to Cairo, the capital of Egypt.
Transport: From Cairo to the Pyramids can be reached by taxi, bus or excursion bus. You can also take the subway to Giza station and walk from there or use a tuk-tuk.
Valley of the Kings and Hatshepsut Temple in Luxor:
These archaeological complexes are located on the east bank of the Nile in Luxor.
Transport: From Cairo you can get to Luxor by train or bus. In Luxor you can take a taxi or rent a car for a trip to the sights.
Temples in Karnak:
This is one of the largest complexes of ancient temples, also located in Luxor.
Transport: A train or bus from Cairo to Luxor, followed by a taxi or tuk-tuk to Karnak Temple.
Abu Simbel Temple:
This majestic temple is located in the southern part of Egypt, near the city of Aswan.
Transport: Tourists usually get to Abu Simbel by plane from Cairo or Luxor. From the airport to the temple can be reached by taxi or bus.
Resort cities on the Red Sea (Hurghada, Sharm el-Sheikh, etc.):
These popular resort towns are easily accessible from various cities in Egypt.
Transport: Many flights and bus routes connect Cairo, Luxor and Aswan with resorts on the Red Sea.
Egyptian Antiques Museum in Cairo:
This museum is located in the center of Cairo and is one of the largest museums of antique artifacts in the world.
Transport: Easily accessible by taxi, bus or subway.
In general, many of Egypt’s main attractions are easily accessible from both Cairo and other cities through various modes of transport such as train, bus, taxi and domestic flights.
Holidays, cultural life and activities in Egypt
Egypt is a place where various cultural, religious and traditional events and holidays take place. Here are some of them and their approximate times:
Ramadan: Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims when they fast from dawn to dusk. During this period, various cultural events are held in Egypt, evening markets, and cafes and restaurants work late. The dates of Ramadan change each year according to the Islamic calendar.
Muslim New Year Festival (Ras al-Sana) This holiday is celebrated at the beginning of the Islamic year. In different regions of Egypt, various events, parades and fireworks can be held.
Great Victory Day (October 6): This holiday marks the beginning of the October War in 1973 between Egypt and Israel. Parades and events are usually held on this day, reflecting patriotic feelings.
Revolt Day (January 25): This day marks the beginning of the Egyptian revolution of 2011. On this day, events dedicated to historical events, as well as political and social changes can be held.
Abu Simbel Festival: Every year in February and October, Abu Simbel hosts a festival dedicated to the event of the transfer of the temples of Ramses II and Nefertari. This lively event is accompanied by fireworks, parades and other cultural events.
Karnak Festival: Every year in the month of April, the Karnak Temple in Luxor hosts a festival of light and sound, where visitors are offered a unique show using light and sound effects, telling about the history of ancient Egypt.
Egyptian Jazz Festival: This festival is held annually in March in different cities of Egypt and gathers leading jazz musicians from different countries.
These are just a few examples of events and celebrations that take place in Egypt at different times of the year. There are many other local traditions and events that may interest tourists and visitors.
What weather is best for traveling to Egypt
Egypt has a subtropical climate with a characteristic warm and dry climate, although there may be some variation in different regions of the country. Here is an overview of the climate at different times of the year:
Spring (March-May):
Air: In spring, the air temperature becomes more pleasant, the average daily temperature ranges from 25 ° C to 30 ° C.
Water: The water temperature in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea at this time is usually around 21-25°C.
Spring is a good time to travel as the temperatures are not as hot as in summer and not as cold as in winter.
Summer (June - August):
Air: In summer, the air can become very hot, the average daily temperature can reach 35 ° C and above, especially in the southern regions and the Sinai Peninsula.
Water: The water temperature in the Red Sea can rise to 27-29°C or higher.
Summer is the peak of the tourist season in Egypt, especially on the Red Sea coast, when travelers come to relax on the beaches and practice water sports.
Autumn (September to November):
Air: The temperature in the autumn months decreases but remains warm, averaging around 25-30°C.
Water: The water temperature remains comfortable for swimming and is about 25°C on the Red Sea.
Autumn is also a good time to visit Egypt, especially for those who prefer milder temperatures and fewer crowds.
Winter (December to February):
Air: In winter, temperatures can be cool, especially in the evening and at night. The average daily temperature varies from 20°C to 25°C.
Water: Water temperatures in the seas can be cool, around 20-22°C in the Mediterranean and 21-23°C in the Red Sea.
Winter is also a popular time to visit Egypt, especially for those who prefer cooler weather and fewer tourists.
Based on the above information, the best time to travel to Egypt depends on your preferences regarding the temperature and number of tourists. Spring and autumn are generally considered the best seasons when the climate is pleasant and tourist spots are less crowded.
Language of communication, traditions, customs and laws in Egypt
In Egypt, the official language is Arabic and the national language is literary Arabic. However, many Egyptians also speak English, especially in tourist areas and cities. In larger cities, you can also meet people speaking other languages, such as French or German.
When traveling to Egypt, it is important to take into account local traditions, customs and laws:
Clothes: When visiting public places, especially religious or conservative ones, you should pay attention to your clothes. Women often prefer to wear modest clothes that cover their shoulders and knees. This is especially important when visiting mosques or churches.
Respect for local culture: Respect the local culture and traditions. Avoid criticism or insults of religion, monarchy or local customs.
Communicate: Be polite and respectful when dealing with locals. Be interested in their culture and customs.
Photography: Before photographing people, especially women or religious objects, it is best to obtain their permission. Photography may be prohibited in some places.
Drinking water: It is recommended to drink only bottled or boiled water to avoid stomach problems.
Safety: Take precautions, especially in tourist areas. Try not to go to low-light places in the dark and do not leave valuables unattended.
Laws and regulations: Comply with local laws and regulations, especially regarding drinking, smoking and respect for public order. Egypt has strict laws regarding drugs, alcohol and moral rules.
When traveling to Egypt, respect local traditions and customs, and you will discover all the charms of this culturally rich and unique country.
The main dialogues for traveling to Egypt
When traveling to Egypt, it is useful to know some basic words, phrases and dialogues in Arabic, as this will help in communicating with the locals and create a more friendly atmosphere. Here are some useful expressions with Russian translation and transcription:
Greetings and general phrases:
Hello / Hello / السلام عليوم (As-salamu alaykum)
Hello (answer): وعليكم السلام (Wa alaykum as-salam)
Good morning: صباح العير (Sabah al-khayr)
Good afternoon: مسان العير (Masa' al-khayr)
Please: من ف)لك (Min fadlak)
Thank you: شرا) (Shukran)
Please (in response to "thank you"): عليه الرحب والسعة (Ala rahb wa-sa'ah)
Excuse me: عليه وسلم (A'zran)
Communication:
What's your name? : ما اسمق (Ma ismuk?)
My name is ...: اسمي ... (Ismi...)
I don't speak Arabic: لا دتكلم العربية (La atakallam al-arabiyya)
Please speak slowly: تكلم ببحة من ف,لك (Takallam bibt', min fadlak)
Purchase and trade:
How much does it cost? : بكم ه وسلم (Bikam hadha?)
It's too expensive: ه علي جدا (Hadha ghali jiddan)
Is it possible to make a discount? : هل يمكنك تقديم عصمة (Hal yumkinuka taqdim khasam?)
I'll take it: سددععليه عليه وسلم (Sa'akhudh hadha)
Orientation:
Where is the...?: ADAين...PP (Ayna...)
Right: يمين (Yamin)
Left: يسار (Yasar)
Straight: مباشرة (Mubashara)
Station: محطة القحار (Mahattat al-qitar)
Food:
I want to order ...: ADAريد ADAن ADAQلب ... (Uriidu an atalab ...)
Menu: الة (Al-qa'ima)
Water: مان (Ma')
Account: الحساب (Al-hisab)
Note that transcription is used to approximate pronunciation in Arabic. There may be local pronunciations or dialects in Egypt, so locals can pronounce some words differently.
What dishes, medicines and gifts are popular in Egypt
Egypt is a country rich in unique cultural and traditional artifacts, as well as a variety of food and medicines. Here are some unique and useful things to bring from a trip to Egypt:
Souvenirs:
Items from the pharaohs: Magnets, figures, paintings or souvenirs depicting pharaohs, pyramids or sphinxes are popular souvenirs.
Hookah balls: In Egypt, hookah is part of the local culture, so hookah balls with different flavors can be an interesting and authentic gift.
Arabic incense and oils: Aromatic oils and incense such as musk, agar tree berries and rose oil are popular among tourists as fragrant souvenirs.
Food and drink:
Tea and coffee: Egyptian mint tea and Arabica coffee are popular drinks. They can be bought in specialty stores or in local markets.
Spices: Many oriental spices, such as curry, turmeric, coriander and coumin, can be purchased at local markets.
Halva: It is a traditional dessert that is made from tahina (sesame mass) and sugar. It is available in a variety of options and tastes.
Medications:
Mumie: Mumie is a natural mineral substance used in folk medicine. It is used to treat various diseases and to improve overall health.
Essential oils: Oils such as tea tree oil, lavender or eucalyptus are popular as natural skin and hair care products.
Textiles and textiles:
Shari: It is a traditional Egyptian fabric that can be used for sewing clothes or as a decorative element in the interior.
Carpets: Egyptian carpets made by hand from natural materials such as wool and cotton are a wonderful souvenir and interior item.
When choosing souvenirs, food or medicinal products, it is important to consider local traditions, culture and rules of importation into your country.
What to cook for a safe holiday in Egypt
The safety of a holiday in Egypt depends on several factors, including compliance with local laws and precautions, choice of safe areas and awareness of potential risks. Here are some tips and tips for a safe holiday in Egypt:
Documents and insurance:
When traveling to Egypt, you must have a valid foreign passport, which must be valid for at least 6 months after the end of your visit.
It is recommended to obtain health insurance, which includes medical care abroad and evacuation if necessary.
Emergency services:
When arriving in Egypt, it is important to know the emergency numbers:
Police: 122
Ambulance: 123
Fire service: 180
It is also recommended to know the contact details of your embassy or consulate.
Mobile operators and the Internet:
There are several mobile operators in Egypt, such as Vodafone Egypt, Orange Egypt and Etisalat Misr. You can purchase a local SIM card for mobile internet access and communication.
Be prepared for the fact that internet access and communications may be volatile in remote areas and while traveling by sea.
Safety in hotels and resorts:
Many tourist resorts and hotels in Egypt offer a high level of security, including access control and video surveillance. However, valuables should not be left unattended.
When leaving the hotel for excursions or walks, it is recommended to leave valuables in the safe in the room or at the reception.
Duration of stay:
Depending on your country, you can live in Egypt without leaving the country for weeks to months. However, a special visa or permit may be required to stay for more than 3 months.
It is also important to be cautious and vigilant in public places, to avoid demonstrations and mass events, to follow local laws and authorities’ instructions. By following these simple precautions, you can enjoy a safe and enjoyable holiday in Egypt.
Local currency and customs regulations in Egypt
The local currency in Egypt is the Egyptian pound (EGP). Here is some information about the Egyptian pound and tourist calculations:
Exchange rate:
The exchange rate of the Egyptian pound against the US dollar may fluctuate depending on the current economic situation. In general, the exchange rate usually varies around 15-20 Egyptian pounds per 1 US dollar.
Payment methods:
In tourist areas and major cities in Egypt, both cash in Egyptian pounds and Visa and MasterCard cards are accepted. However, in some places, especially markets and small shops, only cash can be accepted.
When traveling to remote areas or on excursions, it is recommended to carry enough cash in case you cannot pay with a card.
Tourist customs regulations:
When entering Egypt, tourists are required to complete a declaration of cash, jewelry and other valuables. Upon arrival, be prepared to provide information about the amount of cash and other valuables held with you.
Tourists can import duty-free personal belongings and goods up to a certain limit, which may vary. It is better to read the current rules of customs clearance before the trip.
It is forbidden to import drugs, weapons, alcohol and pork products into Egypt.
Customs regulations on departure:
When leaving Egypt, tourists may also be subject to customs checks, especially if there is a significant amount of cash or jewelry.
It should be borne in mind that the export of antiques, archaeological finds and other valuable historical items from Egypt is strictly prohibited and may entail serious penalties.
Compliance with customs and safety regulations will help to avoid unnecessary problems and troubles while traveling to Egypt. Before traveling, it is also recommended to familiarize yourself with the current rules and regulations to avoid misunderstandings when entering and leaving the country.
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